Pay Determination Free Essay Example, 3000 words

Bach (2010) stated that the state is an entity that sets example and role model for the private sector by support the principles and standards of fairness, equity and involvement in the treatment of its workforce. This is directly in relation with the encouragement of the membership of trade unions and endorses the centralized system and order of collective bargaining. On the other hand, Coffey and Thornley (2009) argued over the concept of â€Å"model employer†. According to them, a model employer needs to assess historically in contrast with all sectors as well as at the international level. It needs to look at the processes, as well as the outcomes. The model employer should need to distinguish legitimating and rhetoric from the reality. Role of trade unions Trade unions play an integral role in the labor market and all the related aspect of it. Trade union is defined as a continuous and consistent association for improving and maintaining the conditions of the individuals working lives (Webb and Webb, 1920). According to Webb and Webb (1920), the trade unions at the early British times has adopted and executed several different strategies that were dependent on the classification of membership they used to organize. We will write a custom essay sample on Pay Determination or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now These have changed with the changes in the labor market. The role of trade unions has seen in the controlling the supply of labor. They have got great influence on the training requirements for allowing a certain entry in a job. For example, the professions related to medical studies look for influencing the state and the employers for fulfilling their training and development requirements. Trade unions are found regulating the content of the job; they have an influence over the job content to distinguish and differentiate that particular job other ones (Jackson, Schuler, & Werner, 2009). This influence was very much practiced previously but with the passage of time this control of trade unions on job content was overhauled by the improved control of employers as well as technology. Another influence that trade unions put on employers is through collective bargain. They search for negotiating the employers on the terms and conditions of trade union members. In the labor market, these negotiations often strengthen by some threats and/or some industrial actions. The collective arguments of trade unions with the employers often vary over several issues. Trade union discusses and bargains over rates of basic pay to the comprehensive agreements on employees’ productivity and other several issues (Balkin, & Gomez†Mejia, 1990).

Feminism Is One Of The Most Important Social Themes

As much as I enjoy musicals, most songs are about men, either women singing about men and how they desire a man or haw men have done them wrong, or men singing them. Where are, the songs belted out by the ladies for the ladies? That’s where feminism comes into play. Feminism is one of the most important social themes. Feminism is a range of social movements, and political movements that share a common goal, to achieve, establish, and define personal, economic, political, and social rights for women. This includes seeking to establish equal opportunities for women in employment and education. Feminist movements have campaigned and continue to campaign for women’s rights. They fight for women’s right to vote, hold public office, earn fair wages, work, equal pay, receive education, own property and more. Five musical plays that speak on the topic of feminism is Wicked, The Color Purple, Funny Girl Yentl and Mary Poppins. Wicked is an alternative telling of The wizar d of the Oz told from the perspective of the witches of the Land of Oz. The Color Purple focus on the life of African American women, addressing numerous issues, including their lower positions in American social culture. Funny Girl is based on the life and career of Broadway Star, film actress and Comedian Fanny Brice. Yentl is based on Yentl, a young girl who lives secretly as a man. And last but not least Mary Poppins is about a magical nanny that helps bring two children that she’s in charge of closer to theirShow MoreRelatedWhat Would Jesus Do1227 Words   |  5 Pagesto the social justice issue of immigration? Would he give immigrants a fair and unbiased opportunity in a new country, or would he turn his back towards these hopeful people? The Catholic Church teaches us that Jesus would support immigrants, live by the Catholic Social Justice Themes and the Christian Feminist model of Justice, and give these people a fighting chance in a new country. These ideologies rep resent hope, a more promising future for immigration, and a change in how we see one anotherRead MoreHow Popular Fiction Reflects Debates About Gender and Sexuality: Feminism1278 Words   |  6 Pagessuch things as social changes in our society and topical debates. In this paper I will discuss to what extent popular fiction reflects debates about gender and sexuality. Moreover, I will look at the difference between postfeminism and third-wave feminism, afterwards I will more closely look at Candace Bushnells book Sex and the City (1996) and relate the books ideas about woman and womans sexuality to postfeminism and third-wave feminism ideas. I will also look at cyber-feminism in relation toRead MoreFeminism : Women s Rights On The Grounds Of Political, Social, And Economic Equality897 Words   |  4 PagesIn the play Trifles, feminism is portrayed by the female characters in the book as well as the male characters. Feminism is defined as: the advocacy of women s rights on the grou nds of political, social, and economic equality to men (â€Å"Feminism†). The female characters are represented in a way that highlights the best characteristics of females, which in turn gives the reader or viewer a strong sense of feminism. The male characters in the book such as: the police officers and the husband show malesRead MoreFeminism : A Feminist Perspective1667 Words   |  7 PagesModern Feminism Before we begin, I want you to create a picture in your head. You read that there is going to be a feminist rally in your local city this afternoon. What does your mind picture? Lots of pink I’m sure. Who is there? Why, a bunch of women, of course! And what could they possibly want this time? I’ll let you keep that one to yourself. We all know that in today’s world, feminism is often seen as a joke. Just a bunch of white women prancing around with signs expressing their angst forRead MoreThe Help : A Timeless Timepiece1473 Words   |  6 Pages The Help: a Timeless Timepiece The Help by Kathryn Stockett is one of the most marvelous novels capturing the zeitgeist of the 1960’s written in recent times: being published February 10, 2009. This novel not only described the situation between African-American maids and their employers, but encapsulated the thoughts and sentiments of the people that characterized the decade of the 60’s. These thoughts were depicted well because the author, Kathryn Stockett, grew up in Jackson, Mississippi;Read MoreSociological Accounts on Individuals Acquiring Their Identities591 Words   |  3 Pagesdefinition refers to the sense that some one has or who they are, of what is most important about them. Important sources of identities are likely to include nationality, ethnicity, sexuality (homosexual, heterosexual, bisexual), gender and class. (Collins Haralambos and Holborn, Sociology Themes and Perspectives, chapter 12, p 885) The main sociological accounts on this issue are: Functionalism, Symbolic Interactionism, Marxism, Feminism and Giddens concept of structurationRead MoreSocial Reaction Theory And Feminist Theory Of Crimes1476 Words   |  6 Pages Social Reaction Theory and Feminist Theory of Crimes are the subject theories I am going to review, examine, and explain. I will be discussing the evolution of social reaction and labeling theory, which is mainly concerned with how individuals’ personal identities are highly influenced by the way that society has a tendency to classify them as offenders. I will also be reviewing the various forms of feminist theories, which began as reactions to the lack of reasonable theorizing about why femalesRead MoreThe Idea Of Feminism Grew Through A Variety Of Movements,1310 Words   |  6 Pages The idea of feminism grew through a variety of movements, theories and philosophies. Feminism motivates the experiences of women through social, political and academic situations. Through social movements, feminism focuses on the documentation of gender inequality and changes in the social representation of women. Some argue that genders are social constructs and research the construction of sexuality and develop alternative models for studying social relations. In regards to politics, the feministRead MoreThe Women s Movement And The Development Of Feminism Essay1702 Words   |  7 Pagesspark of the women’s movement and the development of feminism in the twentieth century. According to feminist writer, bell hooks, in â€Å"Introduction: Come Closer to Feminism,† hooks identifies that feminism is for everyone because ‘feminism is a movement to end sexism’ (hooks 10). In other words, implying that it is not men that are the problem but the behavior and ideals sexism itself because women and men are both capable of being sexist. Feminism is not just about women getting equal rights as menRead More Symbolism in Desirees Baby by Kate Chopin Essay944 Words   |  4 PagesSymbolism in Desirees Baby by Kate Chopin Desirees Baby is Kate Chopins most well-known short story and most anthologized piece of work. The story takes place in southern Louisiana and her writing reflects her Creole-French descent. Chopin begins the story with a descriptive quote, when she reached LAbri she shuddered at the first sight of it, as she always did. It was a sad looking place...Big solemn oaks grew close to it and their thick leaved, far-reaching branches shadowed it like

The Lamb by William Blake Analysis Essays - 983 Words

Like a Child ENGL 102: Literature and Composition APA In â€Å"The Lamb† by William Blake, you will see that, if analyzed closely, the lamb is a personal symbol which signifies God himself. The innocence of a child is like that of a lamb, and serves as a model for humans to follow. In the first stanza, the speaker is the child who is also the teacher. The child asks the lamb who gave him life and all his needs, along with a voice so tender†. Then, the child declares that he will tell the lamb who their creator is. The creator shares the same name as the lamb, which is a reference to Jesus Christ. The end of the poem is giving way to a blessing which, gives an expression of the child’s adoration at the connection the lamb makes in child,†¦show more content†¦Since Blake loves lambs because of the connection they makes with Christianity and sinners, he uses the description of a lamb to signify what God did for us. He also utilizes imagery in giving the picture feeling of deep faith he has in his Christianity. One of the most sensual lyrics is lyric 6; â€Å"Softest clothing, wooly, bright. This gives the reader a sense of what God does for sinners; He gives them all their needs. The most leading literary device used in Blake’s poems is symbolism. In this particular poem, â€Å"The Lamb† is a reference to God himself. This is because of the trinity that is involved with being a Christ follower. The trinity is the Father, the Son, and the Holy Ghost. The child in the poem, is a symbol as innocence and purity just like Jesus Christ. Christians are to â€Å"receive the kingdom of God like a child† (Luke 18:17, ESV). This means that we are to have child-like faith, and trust in God, just like children do in their parents. In the second stanza, the child tells the lamb who created him. In lyrics 13 and 14, he says â€Å"He is called by thy name/For he calls himself a Lamb. In Christianity, this is Jesus Christ, the son of God. In explaining the trinity earlier, this is another reference to God. Lyrics 15 and 16 say â€Å"He is meek, and he is mild/He became a little child. Jesus Christ was sent down to bare people’s sin. This could only happen if a child was born of purity (from a virgin). In the Gospel’s, itShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of William Blake s The Lamb 994 Words   |  4 PagesWilliam Blake is inspired to write this poem in which the central purpose or theme is to identify who the Lamb is and its origins, by formulating a series of questions, and to describe its characteristics and personality by portraying its awesome attributes. The World English Dictionary defines Lamb as: â€Å"1. A young, immature sheep, especially under a year old and without permanent teeth; 2. Somebody who is meek, gentle, and mild, especially a baby or a small child; 3. Someone who is easily deceivedRead More Analysis of The Lamb and The Tyger by William Blake Essay1641 Words   |  7 PagesWilliam Blake was a first generation Romantic poet. Many of his poems were critical of a society who thought themselves to be almost perfect, a society run by, not their own free will, but the use of technology. He wanted people to question what they had always done, and whether it was morally right. He did so by using varying techniques that set up clashes between ideologies and reality. His poems allow us to see into ‘the eternal world of the spirit’ and his dreams of the sacred EnglandRead MoreThe Tyger By William Blake Essay969 Words   |  4 PagesAmerican poet, William Blake. This poem has many interpretation, in a way you could say it is a biblical as well as a symbolic poem, as ‘The Tyger’ is actually the contrast to one of Blake s other poem, The Lamb, both poems are from the book of â€Å"Songs of Innocence and Experience†. If you are familiar with the Christian Bible, it states â€Å"Jesus is the Lamb of God.† The Tyger is comprised of unanswered questions as to who could have created a terrifying creature, a tiger. As if the lamb represented theRead MoreSongs of Good and Evil1545 Words   |  7 Pagesall describe William Blake’s life (Greenblatt, Abrams, Lynch, Stillinger). Blake was born November 28, 1757 in London, England and his artistic ability became evident in his early years. Blake had a very simple upbringing and had little education. His formal education was in art and at the age of fourteen he entered an apprenticeship with a well-known engraver who taught Blake his skills in engraving. In Blake’s free time, he began reading writing poetry. At the age of twenty-one, Blake completed hisRead MoreThe Lamb by William Blake Essay755 Words   |  4 Pages Thesis Statement: The Lamb written by William Blake is a beautiful spiritually enriched poem that expresses God’s sovereignity, His love for creation and His gentleness in care and provisions for those that are His . I. Introduction †¢ Author †¢ Little Lamb II. Question of creation †¢ Little Lamb who made you. 1. Provision of Needs a. Provides food b. Life in the meadow c. Provides Clothing III. Answer to Question of Creation †¢ Little Lamb I’ll tell thee. a. Comparison ofRead MoreWilliam Blake s The Tyger1132 Words   |  5 PagesWilliam Blake’s â€Å"The Tyger† and Tragedies William Blake wrote a set of poems in his collection Songs of Innocence and Songs of Experience. Some of the poems in each collection were meant to be read together to show the difference between innocence and experience. Many people question why Blake wrote a two part series to his poems and what they could actually mean. Two specific poems, â€Å"The Lamb† and â€Å"The Tyger,† were meant to be read together. â€Å"The Lamb† is a part of Blake’s Songs of Innocence andRead MoreOpposition in William Blakes The Lamb and the Tyger689 Words   |  3 Pagesï » ¿Opposition in William Blakes The Lamb and The Tyger William Blakes Songs of Innocence and Experience contain some of his most known poems including The Lamb from Songs of Innocence and The Tyger from Songs of Experience. These two poems are intended to reflect contrasting views of religion, innocence, and creation, with The Tyger examining the intrinsic relationship between good and evil. Blake utilizes contrasting images and symbols to examine opposing perspectives of good and evilRead MoreEssay about The Tyger1558 Words   |  7 Pagescreature with an admirable appearance and leaves the speaker in awe and amazement. â€Å"The Tyger† consists of a series of rhetorical questions that attempt to reconstruct the process of the formidable animal’s creation (Explanation of: The Tyger by William Blake), a trochaic tetrameter rhythm with a catalexis, vivid imagery, an apostrophe, an allusion, and a compelling use of metaphors. The employment of all of these literary devices helps the speaker conduct a powerful meditation of whom, how, whereRead MoreWilliam Blake in Contrast of Songs of Innocence and of Experience1452 Words   |  6 PagesEN 222-Intro to British Lit. II April 21, 2012 William Blake in contrast of Songs of Innocence and of Experience William Blake, an engraver, exemplified his passion for children through his many poems. Blake lived in London most of his life and many fellow literati viewed him as eccentric. He claimed to have interactions with angels and prophets, which had a great influence on his outlook of life. Blake believed all prominent entities, those being church, state, and government had become sick withRead MoreWilliam Blake s Innocence And Experience Analysis Essay1529 Words   |  7 PagesIsha Fidai Amber Drown English 2323 14 September 2016 William Blake s Innocence and Experience Analysis The Romantic Era was a movement in literature that began in the late seventeenth century throughout the eighteenth century that was mainly influenced by the natural world and idealism. Romanticism was predominantly focused on emotion and freedom emphasizing individualism. Formed as an uprising against neoclassicism, romanticism was more abstract, focusing on feelings and imaginations, instead

Ethical Leader Decision Making In Education â€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Ethical Leader Decision Making In Education? Answer: Introduction This essay mainly focuses on the various strategies for the development of the leadership theories. It focuses on the strength and weakness in an individual to develop and enhance the leadership capability of the leader in an organization. A detailed analysis of the leader has been discussed in the essay. It has been seen how a leader utilizes the political competencies, organizational competencies and team building competencies in order to build up a strong team which will help in the growth of the organization and thereby help in the growth of the society. The main purpose of this essay is to study the role of a leader and relate those qualities with me. The evolution of a leader throughout ages and the role of the same in upcoming years is the main aim of the journal (Arnold, Beauchamp and Bowie 2013). A leader is someone who guides the team. He is someone who leads the people and we follow them, they have the capacity to motivate the people and help the people to move towards the betterment of the society. To be an efficient leader, one has to imbibe certain skills and qualities within us, so that we can help in the contribution of the organization and to serve the society at large. A leader is able to motivate the people and make them move in a positive direction. The leader focuses on forming a strong bond with the people who will develop a quality in their way of thinking and how they will live. A great leader is someone who is able to influence the people all over and change their perspective for the betterment (Boatright 2012). Application of appropriate conceptual framework or models and theories on Leadership According to Douglas McGregor a psychologist and a Management professor said about two different approaches, which he named as Theory X and Theory Y. In both the theory he talks about involvement of the employees in the organization and their effectiveness which leads to growth and it does form an integral part of the organization. Theory X tells that Hell or high water, we are going to get it done. He motivates the employee that whatever the situation may have arose, we will achieve success. Theory Y tells that I need your help how are we going to do this? We can see in both the situation he is saying we and thereby helping in involving the employees. To be an effective leader it is very important to identify the leadership theory that will be applicable for a given situation in an organization There are many leadership theories and models on Leadership. These are as follows: Trait Theory This type of leadership theory is based on the characteristics which relates to the individual behavior. The behaviors which are in relation to leader are intellectual, open for changes attention and the sincerity (Bowden 2013). Functional Theory This theory is based on the understanding that the leaders need to have followers and look after the fact that their needs are fulfilled. Transactional Theory According to this theory the leader should set the goals for the individual so that it is possible to assess their performances and thereby reward or punish them according to their performance (Tai and Chuang 2014). Transformational Theory This type of theory helps the leaders to look upon the ultimate goal and try to motivate their followers through motivation so that their vision could be achieved. Environmental Theory In this theory the leaders help the members or the group to coordinate with each other to achieve the goal. This helps the individual to achieve the required goal for the benefit of the group (Brooks and Dunn 2012). Contingency Theory It says that a leader should change its theory according to the situation. There is no such theory which is fixed for any situation. Participative Leadership In this type of theory the decisions are taken with equal participation from all the members who are affected by that particular Great Man Theory This theory helps the people who have the qualities of being born as a leader and those inherent qualities help them to achieve something in life (Christensen, Mackey and Whetten 2014). In my opinion these leadership theories have worked on all level of an organization. Under this type of leadership the leaders creates a vision for the people inspiring them through communication and makes them vulnerable to risk taking. This is an aggressive strategy and I believe this will help the people to raise their temperament and motivate and inspire them. If the people have a clear picture and precise goal it will be easy for them to achieve. A leader who is ethical in nature can build up an environment which is positive. This kind of environment helps in maintaining a strong relation and formation of a strong bond between the leaders and its members (Collins 2012). Personal leadership strengths and weaknesses in relation to the leadership practices I feel that in order to be a great leader who plays a vital role in every operations, one should have certain skills or qualities to motivate the people for betterment. It is to bring out the powers and strength of the team members. The leadership quality in me is that I am confident and strong to help in the improvement of the organization. I am a dynamic and versatile individual who have the potential to help the members to fulfill the goal of improvement and battement of the society (Shaw, Barry and Sainsbury 2013). In this challenging environment and changing lifestyle, it is important to encourage all the people to lead a positive life. With the improvement in the teaching and self improvement it helped me to build certain qualities .As a leader, I have to build the credibility and trust which is necessary for the people to develop themselves. It is important to sit with the people and discuss their particular concerns and problems so as to make them improve in their area. I, as leader am aware about my strengths and weakness (Clapp and Rowlands 2014). In order to a very efficient leader, and be a successful manager, we have to use the power correctly and work in an established area which will help in making appropriate decision. As a leader I am able to manage and have a balance between the optimism and the realism. Weakness of a leader The current weakness of being a leader is that of being adamant person in the team, which is a negative trait and which will de motivate the people and the goals cannot be achieved. As a leader, it will be important for me to set the priorities so as to improve my leadership qualities and so that I will be able to remove the negative traits of focusing on something which is not necessary. As a leader, I shall be accessible to the team and the members and so that the people are encouraged to do something better (Du et al.2013). Currently the biggest weakness as a leader is that, I am facing stagnancy. The stagnant performance of a leader can affect the team so it will be important to focus on things which I can improve by looking at the p.rinciple of great man. In order to improve myself, it is vital to be aware of the changes and change the weakness in me. Nowadays, the people are very sensitive to the situations and there is risk of many factors therefore, as a leader I need to make strategic planning and have decision making ability so that there is proper resource allocation (Ferrell, Fraedrich and Ferrell 2013). Multiple goals and strategies to improve leadership qualities The behavioral patterns that are required to be great leaders are the capability that all leaders need to fulfill the goals and ambition of the company. The leadership behavior and qualities that one should have are as follows: Building of Trust: There is transformational leadership behavior which helps the individual to build trust. It is way by which the individual learns to work in a group and to work with confidence so that the people respect them (Dubrin 2016). Acting with Integrity: To be the leader who is able to have the real sense of ethics and integrity and a person who is able to value the values of the organization. The person shall focus on the moral and ethical consequences of the ethical decision making. Inspiring Others: The leader shall have the capability so that the person is able to inspire others. The person shall speak positively and optimistically so as to achieve their target. The person is able to achieve with confidence the goals of the company Inspiring innovative thinking: It is important to challenge oneself on the capability to question their appropriateness and help in problem solving. A good leader shall have innovative thoughts in completing the relevant assignments. Teaching the people: It is important to on teaching the team and help in the improvement of the skills of the people in the team. The leader helps the people to improve the skills, abilities and to identify the strength of the company To reward the team for achievement: The leader shall assist the people so that the company is able to achieve the target and to satisfy the expectation of the customers. The leader is able to guide the people to achieve the (Fisher and Lovell 2015). Possess the self confidence: The leader is able to possess the self confidence and to continually improve and to influence the people (Paharia and Singh 2016.). The leaders have the quality of being efficient: The leaders are goal driven and they are able to solve the problem efficiently and quickly. Leaders are those who have the quality so that the people follow. The leadership behavior causes them to act. Whether they have a vision for a product, an organization, a people, or a future, thats what inspires them to lead and their followers to action (Hombert et al.2014). Explanation of theoretical and practical justifications of goals on leadership outcomes to support goal strategies In order to justify my thoughts on goals on leadership, I am taking an example of a great leader Warren Buffet, who is a positive person; he is able to deal with all the situations, which was illustrated when the Berkshires share fell down and he was able to tell the people that the companys performance was bad. This was indeed a strong quality in a leader. He is a very positive and powerful person. All the people respect him since he thinks that the situation changes and there will be improvement in the company. He is a very open and honest person who thinks for the betterment of the company (McWilliams 2014). He is indeed a great example of a leader. His leadership skills are beyond his skills of investment and finance; he is very good at communicating effectively with all the people. He has motivated a lot of people to contribute for philanthropic causes. Recommendations provided to help a manager improve their leadership effectiveness I think that to be a great leader one should have the quality of being honest and being ethical and the chances are that more people having leadership quality are preferred. The followers want a leader who leads him, he should be honest and who respects others. If the leader is dishonest and unethical, in that case they may set a kind of personality for themselves that all may not like or prefer .The followers want their leaders to set an example in front of them (Hartman, DesJardins and MacDonald 2014). This theory which helps the manager to improve on the effectiveness of leadership: Inspirational Motivation In the Transformational leadership which provides for the mission and values and vision to the people. It gives us a sense of motivation and challenge to perform well. This positive attitude helps us to boost our moral. Intellectual Stimulation It helps to be creative and innovative which help the people to come up with new ideas and to implement these ideas Idealized Influence As a leader I will act as a role model to inspire the people as a part of the process so that it influences the people to strive for the best performance and achieving goals Individual Consideration The leaders should reward the people in their creativity and achievements which will further motivate them to keep up their performance (Shapiro and Stefkovich 2016). Conclusion I learned that the great quality of a leader is who leads the group; he is the person who motivates the group and gets it going. The role of the leader is very important, as he has the responsibility of the group on his shoulder. In leading the group I feel that they have much kind of roles, sometimes the leader leads from the front sometimes the leader stays at the back and motivates the group member to move forward. In the history the great leaders have played many different roles their strategy may have been different, but their goal was the same. They did everything for the betterment for the group, economics betterment of the society as a common cause. I feel from the study that the responsibility of leaders is to inculcate certain skills or qualities within its disciples or within ourselves so that the ethical behavior of the leaders can contribute in the development of the society. A leader who is ethical in nature can build up an environment which is positive. This kind of environment helps in maintaining a strong relation and formation of a strong bond between the leaders and its members. The relationship can help to develop the quality of the individual. A great leader can influence people up to such an extent that he may change the person for the betterment of that person. References Arnold, DG., Beauchamp, TL and Bowie, NE 2013, Ethical theory and business, 9th edn, Pearson, Boston, MA. Boatright, JR 2012, Ethics and the conduct of business, 7th edn, Pearson, Boston, MA. Bowden, P 2013 Applied Ethics: Strengthening Ethical Practices Tilde University Press, Prahran Brooks, LJ and Dunn, P 2012 Business and professional ethics for directors, executives and accountant, 6th edn, Cengage Learning, Mason, OH. Christensen, L.J., Mackey, A. and Whetten, D., 2014. Taking responsibility for corporate social responsibility: The role of leaders in creating, implementing, sustaining, or avoiding socially responsible firm behaviors.The Academy of Management Perspectives,28(2), pp.164-178. Clapp, J. and Rowlands, I.H., 2014. Corporate social responsibility.The Essential Guide to Global Environmental Governance. Routledge: London, pp.42-44. Collins, D 2012 Business ethics: how to design and manage ethical organisations, John Wiley Sons, Hoboken, NJ. De George, R 2010 Business ethics, 7th edn, Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ. Du, S., Swaen, V., Lindgreen, A. and Sen, S., 2013. The roles of leadership styles in corporate social responsibility.Journal of business ethics,114(1), pp.155-169. Dubrin, AJ 2016 Leadership: Research findings, practice, and skills, 8th edn. South-Western, Cengage Learning. Ferrell, O., Fraedrich, J and Ferrell L 2013 Business ethics: ethical decision making and cases, 9th edn, Cengage Learning, Mason, OH. Fisher, C and Lovell, A 2015 Business ethics and values: individual, corporate and international perspectives, 3rd edn, Prentice Hall, Harlow, UK. Hartman, L.P., DesJardins, J.R. and MacDonald, C., 2014.Business ethics: Decision making for personal integrity and social responsibility. New York: McGraw-Hill. Hombert, J., Thesmar, D., Tahoun, A., Piotroski, J.D., Zhang, T., Lim, J., Minton, B.A. and Weisbach, M.S., 2014. Using the firm-level corporate social responsibility (CSR) ratings of Kinder, Lydenberg, Domini, we find that firms score higher on CSR when they have Democratic rather than Republican founders, CEOs, and directors, and when they are headquartered in Democratic rather than Republican-leaning states. Democratic-leaning firms spend $20 million more on CSR than Republican-leaning firms ($80 million more...Journal of Financial Economics,111(1), pp.158-180. McWilliams, A., 2014. Economics of Corporate Social Responsibility. Edward Elgar Publishing. Paharia, P. and Singh, A., 2016. Ethical Leadership: A Key To Integrate Corporate Social Responsibility And Human Resource Management Practices For Business Sustainability. Shapiro, J.P. and Stefkovich, J.A., 2016.Ethical leadership and decision making in education: Applying theoretical perspectives to complex dilemmas. Routledge. Shaw, WH., Barry, V and Sainsbury G 2013 Moral issues in business, 12th end, Wadsworth Engage Learning, Belmont, CA. Suleiman, A.M., Al-Kati, H.T. and Thomas, S.E., 2016. Corporate Social Responsibility.Corporate Social Performance: Reflecting on the Past and investing in the Future, p.15. Tai, F.M. and Chuang, S.H., 2014. Corporate social responsibility.I business,6(03), p.117.