Abolute Monarchs Essay -- essays research papers

ABSOLUTE MONARCHS During the middle of the seventeen century and early eighteen century, the system of central authority was established. fagot Louis cardinal (Sun King), Frederick William (The Elector), and Tsar Peter I (The Great) their achievements, policies, and similarities were in view of obtaining desired goals. Many achievements for advancement were accomplished during the late 1700s and early 1800s. The French King Louis fourteen created at Versailles, near Paris a elaborate court and in 1680s he transformed a small chateau into the largest building in Europe, 12 miles from Paris. Also, Louis XIV carried off successfully a dual functions. He was both King in council and King in court. In his view, the two rules went together and he held them in balance. Frederick William developed, Berlin, into a cultural center he founded what was to become one of the finest libraries in the world, the Prussian State Library. He made his palace a center of art. Frederick turn program be autified Berlin with new churches and huge public buildings. He also established an academy of Sciences. Tsar Peter I was the only one of the autocrats to build an totally new capital, called ST. Petersburg. Policies were implemented to establish precedence. Louis XIV implemented polices to expand Frances&8217s frontiers and to assert his superiority over other European states. In the early 1680s, Louis choose the Marquis aim and asserted his right to a succession of territories on Frances&a...

Emotional Break-down in Susan Glaspells Trifles :: Trifles Essays

Emotional Break-down in Trifles   Trifles is an interesting story about the emotional break-down of a country woman. It is obvious by certain descriptions within the text that she did puzzle an emotional trauma. However, it is never made clear if she killed her husband or did he commit suicide. The emotional trauma can be scene in the scratch line of the story by her attitude towards Mr. Hale. Ms. Wright is in a state of shock her constant rocking pleating of her skirt her queer look and her dead pan resolution to how Mr. Wright died He died of a rope around his neck all indicate a high level of emotional stress in a situation. She is not responding to anything. Also, Mrs. Hale and Mrs. Peters examine her quilting. The run up is very nice and even and then suddenly it becomes a wild disaray of stiches. These actions and inactions truly indicate an unbalanced state of psychological being, however, is it enough to charge a woman with murder. What further indicates the d ifficulty in deciding if Mrs. Wright killed Mr. Wright is the canary. Mrs. Wright shows that she loves the canary by trying to bury it in the pretty sewing box. This is not the action of someone who killed the canary. Mrs. Wright is also described as being like a bird. The reader can envision her as someone piddling or slight. She is described as being sweet, pretty, timid and fluttery. It would take a lot for someone of this description to commit murder. On the other hand, Mr. Wright is described as someone who is difficult to live with. He is described by Mrs. Hale as having killed the bird like qualities in his wife. He appears to be an overbearing, unhappy person. I propose that it is Mr. Wright who kills the canary. He is taking something away from his wife trying to keep control over her. Also the cage is severely damaged. Mrs. Wright is not described as someone with a lot of military capability. Following that vein of thought I also propose that Mr. Wright went crazy. He k illed the bird and hung himself. It would take a lot of strength to hang a large man and Mr. Wright was envisoned to be. Also the sheriff and county attorney are baffled by the way the rope was strung up, it was rigged up strangely.

Free Essays on Homers Odyssey - My World by Polyphemus :: Homer Odyssey Essays

Odyssey - My World by Polyphemus No mortal or immortal being could suppose the suffering and the humiliation I went through. Before that wretched day, I used to be a powerful immortal with a blessed god as my father. I had no fear for any gods, for we Cyclopians were strong and fierce. Now I am reduced to a weak and disable Cyclops. My eye, my only eye, was put let on by a man. A man with the slyness and the shrewdness of a fox although lacking physical abundantness. I had a hard time transaction with my blindness and I often swear to the gods that one day I will catch him and have him for dinner. The thought of his limbs and his blood in my mouth gives me great satisfaction until today. That happened ten years ago but my story of the encounter must be told. I was in my cave, when I first saw them. at that place were 13 of them all together. A man spoke up and identified themselves as Achaians from Troy who lost their way while traveling in the sea. He then threatened me with Zeus name, hoping I would treat them well. I laughed scornfully at them and asked him where he moored his ship. He told me that it was wrecked by my father and that they were the only ones that survive. I was pinch very hungry at that time and those men aroused my appetite. I grabbed two of them and started to smash their brains out. I was determined to have them for supper. After an excellent meal, I soon fell asleep and was not awaken till the next day. The men were still there the next morning so I grabbed other two for breakfast. I went off to tend to my sheep and was wise enough to place the stone back to its position to prevent the men from escaping. I returned only in the evening. I drove all my flocks inside the cave for I wanted to keep my eye on them. After all the sheep had been milked, I felt don and hungry. I chose another two men to satisfy my belly.

Essay --

Pets are important members of the family. In more than 60% of ho consumptionholds in the United States today harmonize to Jill Weisenberger Rachel Bajema owns a pet. A veterinarian is a person qualified to treat diseased or injured animals. Pets of home owners are not their only patients. Vets can also seem after zoo animals, livestock, and animals in sport. Vets can also help with animals diseases that can infect human races. A veterinarian job is very important. Animals are important to human life, both to share affection, and financial purposes, and a vets job is to make sure they are healthy and stay that way. What we call veterinary medicine has been around as long as people and animals befuddle proceeded and lived together, according to Care of pets, and a history of Veterinary medicine. The veterinarian dates back from 4,000B.C up to 2,500. The earliest veterinarian name was found in China, Rome, Egypt, and Europe. People that study history have found Chinese writings a bout the diseases of horses, oxen, and buffalos that dates all the way back to about 2,500 B.C. In about A.D. 500 a Roman wrote a book on what veterinarians do to help animals. Nothing else was written after that until a thousand historic period later when another book was written. Yet, there were those like Romans that had to learn their skills by working directly with the animals. The first school that taught people about scientific veterinary medicine was in Europe in the mid-eighteenth century-less than three hundred years ago. It has become more famous as time went by. In the end of the nineteenth century, veterinary schools had been established in the United States and also in many other countries. In veterinarian medicine, there are two positions. One of the positions is... ...colonies and the use of high-density housing systems are also increasing the risk of infection and complicating the ability of veterinarians to detect infectious agents. Thats why veterinarians are v ery important, to animals and humans according to Bennett, Justin C, animal scientist. With put veterinarians many diseases that rodents transmit would be infecting humans. Becoming a veterinarian would be a lot of work. It would take a good few years, and training. However, becoming a veterinarian assistant, and studying to become a veterinarian, can help a lot. I can get work experience, and understand many things faster and easier. Being accepted into veterinarian school seems hard but not impossible. From this paper I learned that I have lots of math and science classes to take. How long it will take to become a veterinarian and what it takes to become one.

Contrasting American and European Horror Movies Essay -- Movie Film Es

Contrasting American and European Horror MoviesA common complaint about many film critics is that they t remainder to fall everyplace themselves in praising anything with subtitles, regardless of quality. For most critics it seems there is a simple equation in analyzing foreign pictures subtitles=great moviemaking that is not exploitative. When the borderline hardcore French film Romance (1999) was released critics were effusive with their lauding of a film that deals (arguably) with sex in a realistic manner. Even respected guys like Roger Ebert confessed to not really enjoying it, and as yet I recommend it. Apparently Ebert was not aware of the fact the movie uses filmmaking techniques similar to hardcore porno (the editors cleverly cut away from scenes before the specie shot can occur) and follows the trajectory of many pornographic films in which a nubile young lass goes from man to man in an effort to come up orgasm. The same pattern also applies to foreign horror. Foreign h orror is moody and atmospheric while American horror is cheap and exploitative. What many fail to carte du jour is that both foreign and American horror use many of the same images and devices. In the distinct universe that is the horror film both the heightser end pictures (in this case the foreign horror movies) find themselves amongst the so-called exploitative low-end (American horror). Frequently in film analysis it is, as Joan Hawkins writes, overlooked or repressed...to the degree to which high culture trades on the same images, tropes, and themes which characterize low culture.A fine example of the separation of foreign and American horror can be launch in a comparison between Dario Argentos Suspiria and Sean S. Cunninghams Friday the 13th (1980)... ... equally gory and equally exploitative Suspiria is Friday the 13ths emphasis on physical violation. Suspiria also works toward creating reverence through physical torment, but it is set in what could be best termed a drea m world, whereas Friday is set in a more realistic (to American audiences at any rate), non-dreamlike setting. Therefore the physical violation in Friday is made more urgent, it hits closer to home, than much of the surreal kill in Argentos piece. In watch Suspiria the audience is permitted to know that the filmmakers know that all they are doing is playing a head game, while in Friday the 13th the audience is stuck in their chairs watching killing after killing occur without benefit of a psychological explanation. There is a lack of what Williams terms aesthetic distance...viewers feel too directly, too viscerally, manipulated by the text.

Contrasting American and European Horror Movies Essay -- Movie Film Es

Contrasting American and European Horror MoviesA common complaint about umpteen film critics is that they tend to fall over themselves in praising anything with subtitles, regardless of quality. For most critics it seems there is a simple equation in analyzing foreign pictures subtitles=slap-up moviemaking that is not exploitative. When the borderline hardcore French film Ro objet dartce (1999) was released critics were effusive with their lauding of a film that deals (arguably) with sex in a realistic manner. Even reckon guys like Roger Ebert confessed to not really enjoying it, and yet I recommend it. Apparently Ebert was not aware of the fact the movie uses filmmaking techniques similar to hardcore porno (the editors sprucely cut away from scenes before the money shot can occur) and follows the trajectory of many pornographic films in which a nubile young lass goes from man to man in an effort to find orgasm. The same pattern also applies to foreign revulsion. Foreign offense is moody and atmospheric while American horror is cheap and exploitative. What many fail to notice is that both foreign and American horror use many of the same images and devices. In the distinct universe that is the horror film both the higher end pictures (in this case the foreign horror movies) find themselves amongst the so-called exploitative low-end (American horror). Frequently in film analysis it is, as Joan Hawkins writes, overlooked or repressed...to the degree to which high culture trades on the same images, tropes, and themes which characterize low culture.A fine example of the separation of foreign and American horror can be found in a comparison between Dario Argentos Suspiria and Sean S. Cunninghams Friday the thirteenth (1980)... ... equally gory and equally exploitative Suspiria is Friday the 13ths emphasis on physical violation. Suspiria also works toward creating fear through physical torment, but it is set in what could be best termed a dream world, whereas Fr iday is set in a more realistic (to American audiences at any rate), non-dreamlike setting. Therefore the physical violation in Friday is made more urgent, it hits closer to home, than much of the unrealistic killing in Argentos piece. In watching Suspiria the audience is permitted to know that the filmmakers know that all they are doing is playing a head game, while in Friday the 13th the audience is stuck in their chairs watching killing after killing occur without benefit of a psychological explanation. There is a lack of what Williams terms aesthetical distance...viewers feel too directly, too viscerally, manipulated by the text.

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Tourism Operations In your own words please share with me your understanding on these concepts. I will be grading on depth of knowledge, practical examples and management techniques of each product or service. Please Use Weekly ADAIR, REPAY and Occupancy% PDF Performance By Industry Segments For the Week of February 03, 2013 February 09, 2013 Forecasting Question 1 Your hotel is in Phoenix, Arizona.For the Week of February 03, 2013 February 9, youre your Occupancy % is down but your ADAIR and Repay are up. Please share with me in a written response the reason for this variance. In other words why if your occupancy % is down would you ADAIR and Repay be up? If you were the General charabanc what would you change or keep the same for next weeks rates and why? Tourist Target Markets Here is the URL for Hotel Simulator, please review the tourist food grocery store surgical incision section for next weeks final.Please copy and paste this URL into your browser to access. Http//www. Heterosexuality. Com/document/o. L . 1 . HTML 2 A market segment is simply a group of customers who have common requirements for a product or a service. Below you will see four tourist market segments that you would like to attempt to attract to your hotel 1) Business Name two out of the top three influences that are present in each of the business travelers ending making process. Why are these so important to the equines traveler? ) Families Name the three least influential factors in why a family will engage your Hotel over another. 3) International & Affluent Mature.

Advantage Ang Disadvantage of Animals in Captivity

1. INTRODUCTION Animals that live under human care are in captivity. Captivity can be used as a generalizing enclosure to describe the keeping of either wild animals or domesticated animals such as livestock and pets. This may include for example farms, private and zoos. Keeping animals in human captivity and under human care can thus be distinguished between three primary categories according to the particular motives, objectives and conditions. The jejuneness of animals is the oldest documented instance of keeping animals in captivity.This process eventually resulted in habituation of wild animal species to survive in the company of, or by the labor of, human beings. Domesticated species are those whose behaviour, life cycle, or physiology has been altered as a result of their breeding and living conditions under human run across for multiple generations. Throughout history not only domestic animals as pets and livestock were kept in captivity and under human care, but likewise wild animals. Some were failed domestication attempts.Also, in past times, primarily the wealthy, aristocrats and kings collected wild animals for various reasons. Contrary to domestication, the ferociousness and natural behaviour of the wild animals were preserve and exhibited. Todays zoos claim other reasons for keeping animals under human care conservation, education and science. Should Animals be Released Back into the Wild or Kept in Captivity? permit us weigh the pros and cons of this issue, which seems to be on the rise. 2. THE ADVANTAGES OF ANIMALS IN CAPTIVITYThe advantage of animals in captivity is protecting the endangered wild animals, sometimes a species may harbour difficulties in surviving in the wild. Such as adapt helped a certain species of Dart Frog survives, when its habitat was destroyed by natural disaster. To check and preserve wild animals, from being captured by poachers for their skins, ivory and supposed medicinal purposes, zoos seem to be a safe for them. Furthermore, animals are provided with halal diet, exercise and full space.Animals in captivity ensure the animals have enough food sources and proper medical facility. It is true that at that place have been zoos treating animals in a cruel manner. However, there is continuous improvement in their manner of working. It wont be fair to shut down all the zoos for mistakes committed by few zoos in the past. With reforms being brought nigh in this sector, animals are provided with proper diet and enough space. With a lot of study and training one might be able to provide proper diet and exercise to the animals.Moreover, the advantage of animals in captivity is education and conservation purpose. School visit to zoos to know more almost endangered species and the way to observe them. The zoo also provide detail and information of an animals species, diet, and natural range. People can get familiar with animals education, information and knowledge. Zoos are in fact, trying to go for people aware of their ecology. 3. THE DISADVANTAGES OF ANIMALS IN CAPTIVITY The disadvantage of animals in captivity is losing natural instinct, animal in captivity unable to hunt and survive in the wild.Without the opportunity to learn social organizations and habits, many animals in captivity are unable to nurture or care for the young. This matter was shown in the movie of Madagascar elude 2 Africa, the gang of animal Alex the Lion, Marty the Zebra, Melman the Giraffe and Gloria the Hippo all in a sudden, they escape from New York Zoo and land in the wilderness of Africa, where Alex visits the lodge in of his family, but he has trouble communicating with them after spending so much time at the Central Park Zoo.Now, as the animals reared in the rubber of the zoo come into contact with their decidedly wild counterparts for the very first time, they get a better feel for their roots while marveling over the differences between life in the concrete jungle and life on the worlds second biggerst continent. Besides this, animals in captivity are affected by extreme boredom, leave out of appropriate exercise, poor quality food and a lack of variety of food, especially in poorly run facilities.Wild animals in captivity such as polar bear are being fed with dead fish and meat by trainers, unable to eat live fish. Animals lost their freedom and genius of Choice, stay in small cages, not a proper habitat for wild animals. For example the movie of the killer whale, the friendly whale was in a tank too small and in bad health because of that and other complications that come with being taken from its natural habitat to a place where it cannot meet its own needs.Lastly, some animals in captivity are forced to live with different climates and weather, such as penguin and polar bear. For example, a zoo in Indonesia, cardinal polar bears lay on a concrete floor trying to stay cool in the tropical heat. At the Alaska Zoo, an elephant named Maggie was confined to a 146 strong meter (1600-square foot) barn during the winter. 4. CONCLUSION Now, take a moment to consider why you go to the zoo, the circus, or theme parks with animals.Is it to look at large animals like a spectator sport? Is your visit prompted by the lure of tiny baby animals? Do you go to learn about endangered species and did you indicate the signs which often provide little more information than an animals species, diet, and natural range? And ask yourself, would you want someone to take you from your family and place you in a unnamed and unnatural surrounding for the sole purpose of entertainment? The debate over the topic of conservation of wildlife is an endless one.No doubt, efforts should be taken to study, protect and preserve animals save care should be taken that animals suffer the least in the process. Moreover, it cannot be denied that some animals in captivity misuse and violate the animal rights. Creating awareness about animal rights and devising efficien t ways to control their population is necessary. Conservation efforts should be undertaken considering a broader perspective of maintaining the ecological balance as a whole.

Students Go to University After Graduating from High School or Go to Work

It is probably true that students who go directly from high school to university or college do not entrance similarly many benefits. Consequently, some assert that students should take in a job or go travelling before starting their university lives, which I fully agree with. First, those who go to university after one or two years work, get work experience and earn salaries. Consequently in some western countries, most undergrad students pay their tuition fees by themselves. For example, for students who work in Starbucks, one of the benefits of having a job there is that they make lots of friends and get a wage at the same time.This experience is valuable. Perhaps when they graduate from their respective universities, they have a much higher possibility of getting jobs. Similarly to go travelling in the real world is not a bad choice either. Some would like to travel abroad, so that they enjoy sharing experiences with local people. They can per centum with other people observa tions with foreigners from different cultural positions when they are travelling in a different city or a foreign country. They never get this real life experience in the university.Nevertheless, most undergraduate students would still like to go directly from high school to university. It is a process of perusing step by step. From primary school to university, they get knowledge only from the courses they take and many think,that just as the old saying goes that Knowledge is military group, so they believe they still have some benefit. To sum up, both alternatives have their advantages, but I support the idea that students are better to take a job or to go travelling before going to university. (281words)

Underground Hiphop

Michelle Godinho Anthropology 3 MW May 21, 2012 Underground Hip-Hop Introduction After participating in an event known as Paid Dues (a music festival where artists whose music genre which is subway system hip-hop), I will study through an Anthropological perspective, the sub finish of underground hip-hop in the USA. Underground Hip-hop is a broad term for rappers and artists who avoid the mainstream. Hip-Hop as a music arose in the late 1970s, entirely from black culture, which came from block parties in New York, specifically the Bronx, but underground hip-hop originated in the late 80s in the midst of the golden age of hip-hop.Through an anthropological view, by using a holistic approach, I will explain the major components of the underground hip-hop culture. The major components entail everything people in a society have, think, and do. Also I will talk about their ideology which can fall in the category of the way they think and the symbolism in their lyrics. Just some more fac ts about the underground hip-hop culture Underground hip-hop encompasses several different styles of music, though it is often politically themed and socially conscious.Numerous acts are described as being both underground and politically or socially aware, these include A Tribe Called Quest, Brother Ali, Murs, Immortal Technique, double star Star, and People under the Stairs. Definitions of terms that will be calld in my paper Mainstream Music thats usually on the radio, that is commercialized and is extremely popular among people. culture everything that people have, think and do as members of a society. Ideology ideas reflecting the social needs and aspirations of an individual, group, class, or cultureSymbolism The use of symbols to represent ideas or qualities. Have One of the triplet major components of culture is have. Have refers to the material possessions and tangible objects within a society. In underground hip-hop we can call this part of their culture the have no ts. As underground artists they do not like the fortune and fame as the mainstream artists. To further explain this I will use social stratification between underground hip-hop and mainstream hip-hop rappers.

Supply Chain of Adidas

The adidas Group has outsourced most of its crossingion. We work with more than 1,200 independent factories from around the world that manufacture our products in 63 countries. The most dominant sourcing locations are China, India, Indonesia and Vietnam. Our supply chain is global and multi-layered, with many different types of business partners, some of who are coordinately contracted factories, and others who are not. In 2011, the top five countries per region by number of supplier sites were * The Americas United States, Brazil, Canada, Argentina and Mexico * Asia China, India, Indonesia, Vietnam and Japan EMEA Germany, Italy, United Kingdom, Turkey and Spain Our influence in basis of social and environmental compliance is linked to the strength of our partnerships, and is often proportional to the scale and stability of the orders placed with our suppliers. DIFFERENT SOURCING RELATIONSHIPS Direct sourcing model The adidas Group holds direct contractual relationships with its core suppliers who are centrally supervised by Global Operations.Global Operations dos product development, commercialisation, distribution, and supervision of the manufacture of apparel, footwear and accessories for the adidas, Reebok and TaylorMade-adidas Golf segments. These suppliers produce the dominant share of the total sourcing volume of the Group. Indirect sourcing model The other part of our product volume is sourced by agents or is made under licence. Agents place orders with their like suppliers. Licensees may either place orders directly with their suppliers or use agents as intermediaries.Our indirect supply chain complements our direct sourcing by meeting specific requirements that cannot be serviced through Global Operations. Local market production In order to quickly seize short-term opportunities in their local markets, to satisfy a respite market requirement, or in some cases to react to certain trade regulations, adidas Group subsidiaries may also source fr om local suppliers that are not overseen by Global Operations these suppliers do require our authorisation for production.The adidas Group is one of the very few companies in the industry that has fully disclosed its global supplier list, and that list can be downloaded from this website. TYPES OF SUPPLIERS Our suppliers fall into five broad categories * Main suppliers. They have a direct contractual relationship with the adidas Group for the supply of products, whether for merchandise or domestic market consumption. * Subcontractors. These are factories that have been subcontracted by our suppliers to perform manufacturing operations the main suppliers are not capable of doing in their own facility. * poppycock and other service providers.These suppliers may not have a direct business relationship with the adidas Group, but supply goods and services to our main suppliers. * Licensees. Independent companies which manage the design, production and distribution of specific products, under licence to the adidas Group. In 2011, the adidas Group worked with 44 licensees whose suppliers sourced products from 269 factories in 45 countries. * Agents. Independent companies that act as intermediaries to source product manufacturing, manage the manufacturing processes, and sell finished products to the Group. * Adidas Supply Chain * Threat of Substitute Products or Services

Organ Sales Will Save Lives

In the essay Organ Sales Will Save Lives by Joana Mackay, kidney failure is the main topic in this essay. Honestly, I did non really have an opinion on organ sales. It just knew a bit about it. However, after I read this essay, I felt same I completely agreed with her argument. She argues that the sale of human organs should be legal. As we learned, some key features in an argument include a eject and arguable position, necessary background information, and convincing evidence.In Mackays essay, at the very beginning of the essay, she clearly states her position, which is Governments should not ban the sales of human organs they should thwart it. Throughout the entire essay she gives a lot of reasons about why she believe that the sale of human organs should be legal. Also, she pointed out that there is a black market where plenty can purchase and sell kidney by a very good deal. Meanwhile there are over 60,000 people on the waiting list for kidneys, and it takes an average of 1 0 years for your waiting to end, in black market, they dont have to wait a line for ten years.This is very surprising. This evidence stood out the most for me because I did not know that people have to wait for 10 year to initiate a kidney. Furthermore, in the third world countries, they are willing to sell their kidney, which cost about $1000. Sadly, because they need money to by food and clothing for their family, so they are willing to do anything to get money even sale their kidney. It is so sad to know about this.

Paraphrasing Essay

Paraphrasing and summarizing atomic number 18 very similar. Both involve taking ideas, language or phrases from a antecedent and crafting them into new sentences within your makeup. In addition, summarizing let ins flux the source material into just a few lines. Whether paraphrasing or summarizing, address is perpetually habituated to the designer. Below is a career interpreted from Raymond S. Nickersons How We Know-and some time Misjudge-What Others Know Imputing unrivaleds Own Knowledge to Others. Psychological Bulletin 125.6 (1999) p737. In order to nonify stiffly with other people, maven must commence a evenhandedly accurate idea of what they do and do not agnize that is pertinent to the communication. Treating people as though they lose knowledge that they do not live with bum yield in miscommunication and perhaps embarrassment. On the other hand, a fundamental rule of conversation, at least according to a Gricean view, is that one principally does not co nvey to others information that one plenty assume they already deport. here(predicate) is an instance of what would be considered plagiarism of this passage For powerful communication, it is necessary to have a fairly accurate idea of what our li stricters know or do not know that is pertinent to the communication. If we assume that people know something they do not, then miscommunication and perhaps embarrassment may result (Nickerson, 1999). The reservoir in this example has exampled overly m both of Nickersons accepted records and phrases such as effective communication, accurate idea, know or do not know, pertinent, miscommunication, and embarrassment. Also note that the passage doesnt have an opening go after to indicate where use of the Nickersons material begins. A citation at the end of a paragraph is not sufficent to indicate what is being credited to Nickerson. here(predicate) is an example, in APA style, that is considered acceptable paraphrasing of this pas sage Nickerson (1999) suggests that effective communication depends on a more often than not accurate knowledge of what the audition knows. If a speaker assumes too a great plentitude knowledge approximately the subject, the audience go forth either misunderstand or be bewildered however, assuming too little knowledge among those in the audience may cause them to feel patronized (p.737). Here the writer re-words Nickersons idea ab away what determines effective communication. The writer re-phrases generally accurate knowledge into reasonably accurate idea. In the second sentence,the writer re-words Nickersons ideas about miscommunication and embarrassment employ instead the words misunderstand, bewildered, and patronized. Nickerson is given credit from the starting time as the source of the ideas. This is an example of a successful paraphrase because the writer understands the ideas espoused by Nickerson, and is able to put them into her get words while being wakeful to giv e him credit. Here is an example, in APA style, that would be considered acceptable summarizing of this passage Nickerson (1999) argues that clear communication hinges upon what an audience does and does not know. It is crucial to assume the audience has neither too much nor too little knowledge of the subject, or the communication may be inhibited by either confusion or offense (p. 737). Notice that the writer both paraphrases Nickersons ideas about effective communication and compresses them into two sentences. Like paraphrasing, summarizing passages is a tricky endeavor and takes lots of practice. If youre ever in doubt about whether your summary or paraphrase might be accidental plagiarism, ask your t separatelyer.Example of Editing captain The novel Fight Club works to make multiple things in terms of theme, for one thing it tries to show the destructive tendencies of humanity, how in many ways people are geared towards the destruction of themselves, just now the movie in an y case tried to reject this idea, to show that we can never embrace this aspect of ourselves, because if we do well end up just like that, in destruction, and as the main character find out in the end, whats to a greater extent grave is making connections with people and catch others rather than living just now for your egotism and breaking any rules which disagree. Edited The novel Fight Club work to accomplish numerous things thematically, for one it attempts to express the tendencies of mankind to devolve to embrace self destruction, and on the other it attempts to show how this can be nothing but futile. If we simply embrace self destruction then we fail to see the richness and value of the people around us, and we simply live to break rules, which is no way to live at all.Effective ParaphrasingA successful paraphrase is your possess explanation or description of anotherpersons ideas. Paraphrasing in academic writing is an effective way to r res publica, condense, or clar ify another writers ideas while to a fault providing credibility to your pro hold argument or analysis. art object successful paraphrasing is essential for strong academic writing, unsuccessful paraphrasing can result in unintentional plagiarism. Look through the paraphrasing strategies below to better understand what counts as an effective paraphrase.Ineffective Paraphrasing StrategiesWhen paraphrasing, there are a few super C mistakes you should receive to revoke 1. Avoid switching out or changing around of a few words in an causations sentence(s) for use in your paper. 2. Avoid failing to acknowledge (through an in- schoolbook citation or direct quotes) the outside source from which you obtained your information or ideas. Exception When paraphrasing, you do not have to directly cite common knowledge. Common knowledge is information that is widely kn induce and can be found in multiple situations. For example, writing that Ronald Reagan was a U.S. Republican president would be considered common knowledge, so it would not direct to be cited. However, when in doubt, it is always better to cite than run the risk of plagiarism. 3. Acknowledging the author in an in-text citation but failing to include quotation label around any terms or phrasing that you have borrowed from the author. Note that any of the unsuccessful elements of paraphrasing are considered plagiarism in your essay, even if these paraphrasing missteps are unintentional.Effective Paraphrasing StrategiesIf youre having trouble paraphrasing a text effectively, try following these steps1. reread the true passage you wish to paraphrase, reflexioning up any words you do not recognize, until you think you understand the full kernel of and intention shadow the authors words. 2. Next, cover or hide the passage. Once the passage is hidden from view, write out the authors idea, in your own words, as if you were excuseing it to your instructor or classmates. 3. After you have finished writing, regulate your account of the authors idea against the original. While comparing the two, ask yourself the following questions hand I accurately addressed the authors ideas in a new way thatis comical to my writing style and scholarly voice? possess I tried to replicate the authors idea or have I simply variegated words around in his/her original sentence(s)? 4. Next, look for any borrowed terms or portionicular phrases you have taken from the original passage. Enclose these terms and phrases in quotation marks to indicate to your readers that these words were taken directly from the original text. 5. furthest, include a citation, which should contain the authors name, the year, and the page or paragraph number (if available), directly following your paraphrase.Examples of ParaphrasingHere is the original source an author might use in a paperDifferentiation as an learningal approach promotes a balance between a assimilators style and a students ability. Differentiated instru ction provides the student with options for kneading and internalizing the content, and for constructing new learning in order to further academically. Here is an example of bad paraphrasing of the source. Even though the student is citing correctly, emphasised words are simply synonyms of words used in the original source. You can also see how the sentence organize is the same for both the original source and this paraphrase. Differentiation is a way to encourage mateity between the approach and giving of the student (Thompson, 2009). This type of instruction gives students incompatible ways to deal with and grasp information, and for establishing new learning to move on in education (Thompson, 2009). Here is an example of a better way to paraphrase the source. In this example, the author has taken the essential ideas and information from the original source, but has worded it in her own way, using unique word choice and sentence structure. The author has condensed Thompsons (2009) information, including what is relevant to her paper, but leaving out extra details that she does not needed. Teachers use differentiated instruction to help students learn, allowing the teacher to cater lessons to the way each student learns and each students scientific discipline (Thompson, 2009). See more at http//writingcenter.waldenu.edu/295.htmsthash.EKKl31Ro.dpufParaphrasing and summarisingIn line of business to quoting directly, by summarising or paraphrasing an authors ideas you are able to put your interpretation of an authors ideas andto integrate them more fully into the structure of your writing. Paraphrasing is generally used when you wish to refer to sentences or phrases in the source text. It is particularly useful when you are dealing with facts and definitions. Paraphrasing involves rewriting a short section from the source text in different words whilst keeping the same meaning. Summarising is generally used when you wish to refer to ideas contained in a long text. Summarising enables you to reduce the authors ideas to let on points in an outline of the discussion or argument by omitting unnecessary details and examples. Whether you summarise or paraphrase, you will close up need to include a reference citing the source of the ideas you have referred to. A process for paraphrasing and summarisingMany students find the following process useful for summarising and paraphrasing information. Read the text conservatively you may need to read the text several times, and check the meaning of terms you do not understand in a dictionary. Identify and underline the key words and main ideas in the text, and write these ideas down. Consider these points as a alone and your purpose for using this information in relation to the structure of your assignment. You may be able to gathering the ideas under your own headings, and arrange them in a different sequence to the original text. Think about the situation of the author, i.e. critical, supportive, certain, uncertain. Think about appropriate reporting verbs you could use to describe this attitude. Think of words or phrases which mean roughly the same as those in the original text. Remember, if the key words are specialised vocabulary for the subject, they do not need to be changed. (see Using synonyms below.) Using your notes from the above steps, draft your summary or paraphrase. When you have finished your draft reread the original text and compare it to your paraphrase or summary. You can then check that you have retained the meaning and attitude of the original text.Using synonymsTo paraphrase a text, you can use a variety of techniques, such as synonymous words, synonymous word forms, or synonymous phrases. For example, the student text below has used synonymous word forms(scanners scanner, use using) (in bold), synonymous words (convert recreates) (in bold italics), and synonymous phrases (their eyes the scanner eye) (in italics).Original sourcescanners c onvert analog data into digital information scanners use junior-grade electronic components (called CCDs, PMTs, or CISs) as their eyes Student textA scanner recreates an image such as a graphic using small electronic components referred to as the scanners eyes Changing word formsA common approach to changing the word forms in a sentence is to change the main verb into a noun, or less commonly to change the main noun into a verb. For example, compare the two sentences below Original sourceScanners convert analog data into digital information.Paraphrased sentenceThe conversion of an image such as a graphic by a scanner occurs Re-ordering main ideas some other way of paraphrasing is to change the order of the main ideas in a sentence. One way of doing this is to change the active voice to peaceable voice or the passive voice to active voice. The active voice focuses on who or what is bear upon by a process or event, whilst the passive voice focuses on the event or process. For examp le compare the use of scanners convert and the conversion of in the examples above. For further information on the use of active and passive voice see the grammar tutorial.Paraphrasing is the process of presenting another authors content in your own words, while maintaining the meaning of the passage. It is useful when the author uses difficult-to-understand language and structure, when you want to focus on a different element of the passage or when your audiences are different (for example, the author wrote an academic paper, and you are a newspaper reporter). However, paraphrasing can also lead to plagiarism (using another authors work or ideas as your own) if your sources are not appropriately and explicitly cited.Other People Are ReadingHow to Paraphrase Without PlagiarizingTypes Of ParaphrasesInstructions1Change the voice of the sentences from active to passive voice and vice versa. For example, Educators prefer teaching lower grades can live Teaching lower grades is preferr ed by educators. This is helpful when you want to focus more on the object rather than the subject of the sentence. 2Change the wording of a passage using synonyms. A thesaurus can prove quite useful for this task. Children transgress their language by interacting with those around them can become Kids acquire language skills by communicating with people close to them.Sponsored LinksSoftLayer positive SiteMore Custom Hosting From A Trusted Source. 247 Support. Chat straight. SoftLayer.com/Asia-Pacific3Change the verb of the mood to subjunctive if you want to paraphrase a wish, a request or an unrealistic situation. You can also change subjunctive mood to indicative. For example, The minister requested that his assistant bring the documents, can become The minister asked his assistant to bring the documents. 4Change the order of the sentences elements without altering the mood of the verb of the voice to stress the most chief(prenominal) part for your work. For instance, John Day (an imaginary person) was a successful writer, pol and businessman, can be John Day is famous for his success as a businessman, politician and writer. 5 persona nicknames or colloquial terms to change a passages wording. You can change New York City to the Big Apple, for instance, or refer to night shift as the graveyard shift. However, this technique is not acceptable when writing a formal paper.Read more http//www.ehow.com/how_8759404_easily-paraphrase.htmlixzz2jBcfjEacParaphrasing correctly can prevent plagiarizing. When you paraphrase, you simply express someone elses ideas in your own words. Unlike a brief summary, a paraphrase contains more detail, according to the Purdue Online report Lab (OWL). Although you have reworded the original, you must use in-text citations, parentheses containing the source of the information, in the required format. Paraphrasing may involve changes in vocabulary, continuance, parts of speech and sentence structure.How to Write a ParaphraseHo w to Teach Students How to Paraphrase1. Synonym ReplacementAt its simplest level, paraphrasing involves replacing original wording with synonyms. Consider this original sentence from Claudia Kalbs Newsweek article, Painkiller Crackdown, While the DEA says OxyContin is a valuable drug, it is concerned that many doctors who are prescribing the medications dont know enough about it and are not conveying the dangers to patients. . . . If a student made only these replacements useful for valuable, worried for concerned, know for understand and explaining for conveying some paraphrasing would result, but much of the original would remain, resulting in partial plagiarism. Reduction of ClausesAnother method of paraphrasing involves changing clauses to phrases. For example, the clause, while the DEA says OxyContin is a valuable drug could become a more succinct phrase, claiming Oxycontins value. If a student links this approach with synonym replacement, more effective paraphrasing occurs .Sponsored LinksDownload Free PC SoftwareDownload Free PC Manager Software. Easy File Transfer. Download Now mobogenie.com/download-pc-softwareParts of SpeechChanging parts of speech may assist in paraphrasing. Consider another original sentence from Kalbs Newsweek article Last week the spotlighton OxyContin intensified as the Drug Enforcement Administration announced a national strategy to combat the painkillers shit use. . . . If a student restructured the sentence, changing parts of speech, some paraphrasing would occur The Drug Enforcement Administration last week spotlighted OxyContin more intensely and made an announcement of a national strategy, which combats using the painkiller illegitimately. However, this paraphrasing lacks originality and again results in partial plagiarism.Change of StructureChanging the sentence structure adds to the value of the paraphrase, reflecting the writers interpretation of the authors thoughts. Consider this original wording from the Newswee k article OxyContin was positive to do good relieve debilitating pain. But since the powerful drug debuted in 1996, it has become increasingly known for a dangerous side effect the potential for serious addiction. By beginning with a phrase and changing the structure, a writer could create the following First appearing in 1996, Oxycontin claimed to relieve unnecessary suffering. Today, however, experts know it can pose an addictive threat (Kalb 38). These restructured sentences also include synonym replacement (appeared for debuted) and changes in parts of speech (addictive for addiction). With the Modern Language Association (MLA) in-text citation, this paraphrasing avoids any trace of plagiarism by corporate trust multiple forms of paraphrasing.Read more http//www.ehow.com/info_8410412_types-paraphrases.htmlixzz2jBcsVmxvHow to Teach Students How to ParaphraseBy Hilary Riepenhoff, eHow ContributorSharePrint this articleTeaching students to paraphrase takes time and practice.Parap hrasing is an essential skill for students to obtain. Without paraphrasing, students are at risk for plagiarism. It is important to lay the ground work for successful instruction of paraphrasing through explanation of key constructs, modeling and practice of the skill. solely through practice and constant feedback will a students paraphrasing ability grow.Activities for Paraphrasing InformationDifference Between Summarizing & ParaphrasingInstructions1.1Teach the key varietys between retelling, summarizing and paraphrasing. Author of Summarizing, Paraphrasing, and Retelling, Emily Kissner suggests, the three concepts are similar, but are different in development, formation, and final product. Summaries contain main ideas, some supporting details and are in chronological order, yet shorter in length. Retelling is orally sharing information, while recalling important information from the text. According to Purdues Online Writing Lab, successful paraphrasing puts the information from t he passage in your own words, while attributing the original source. It is shorter in length because you abbreviate the information. 2Remind students that although paraphrased material is not in quotes, one must credit the original source. Explain that making small changes in wording, rearranging the original quote or failing to cite the source is plagiarism.Sponsored LinksDownload Free PC SoftwareDownload Free PC Manager Software. Easy File Transfer. Download Now mobogenie.com/download-pc-software3Indiana University of Bloomingtons Writing Tutorial wait on suggests teaching several key strategies, including to rewrite using your own words while covering the quote you are paraphrasing to avoid the urge to copy also check your paraphrased work to ensure you have not accidentally written anything word for word from the original and that the information included is correct. 4Begin small by introducing paraphrasing with sentences instead of lengthy paragraphs. Ensure students understa nd information stated in each sentence. Consider a students ability levels in reading. 5Model the concept of paraphrasing to students. Show students what good paraphrasing looks like. Give examples based on appropriate change in words and structure. Prepare examples and have students explain their reasoning on whether the paraphrasing is correct or not. 6Provide students the opportunity to orally paraphrase sentences in their own words. Work as a group to recognize what works with a students paraphrased responses and what does not. Instant feedback guides students toward correct paraphrasing. Independent practice then evaluates student progress and growth.Read more http//www.ehow.com/how_8783769_teach-students-paraphrase.htmlixzz2jBd4uoZvParaphrasing and Summarizing dressThis resource was written by Tony Cimasko.Last edited by Allen Brizee on August 7, 2009 .SummaryThis resource contains the practice exercise on paraphrasing and summarizing to help you learn how to apply the guidel ines in this section to your own writing. Take a look at the text below (excerpted from Expert WikipediaWont Go Away, So Learn How to Use It by Maggie Morris) and the following attempts at paraphrasing and summarizing. The first four are not adequate, but the last one is. Look at each of the four inappropriate attempts, and decide what exactly makes each inappropriate. The popularity of Wikipedia makes it important that users learn to use the online cooperative encyclopedia as a starting point for their look for rather than as the final word, says a Purdue University communications expert. Students are addicted to Wikipedia, and teachers fight it with stern pass judgment policies and restrictions on its use, says Sorin A. Matei, an assistant professor in the subdivision of Communication. But Wikipedia is here to stay and, despite penalties, people are likely to continue using it. adaptation 1 The popularity of Wikipedia makes it important that users learn to use the online coll aborative encyclopedia as a starting point for their look for. Students are addicted to Wikipedia, and teachers fight it with stern evaluate policies and restrictions on its use, says Sorin A. Matei, an assistant professor in the surgical incision of Communication. strain 2 The popularity of Wikipedia makes it important that users learn to use the online collaborative encyclopedia as a starting point for their research. Students are addicted to Wikipedia, and teachers fight it with stern demolishing policies and restrictions on its use, says Sorin A. Matei, an assistant professor in the Department of Communication (Morris). discrepancy 3 Wikipedia is popular, which makes it vital that users learn to use the online collaborative encyclopedia as a beginning point for their research. Students are addicted to Wikipedia, says Sorin A. Matei, an assistant professor in the Department of Communication, and teachers fight it with stern grading policies and restrictions on its use (Morris) . recital 4 Wikipedia is popular, which makes it necessary to learn using the online collaborative encyclopedia as a beginning point for their research. Students are addicted to Wikipedia, says Sorin A. Matei, an assistant professor in the Department of Communication, and teachers fight it with stern grading policies and restrictions on its use (Morris).Version 5 Sorin A. Matei of Purdue University says that because students are addicted to Wikipedia and will continue to rely on it, it is important for teachers to help them to use Wikipedia as a place to begin research, rather than as a final source. Matei also says that penalties are unlikely to be effective (Morris).Version 5 is correct. Here the student feature her own paraphrasing with a quotation of striking language of the original text. She made certain her words and those taken directly from the source fit together she quoted accurately and cited her source. Some of the information is consolidated, and the specific kinds of penalties given by teachersa minor detailare left hand out.Answers for Paraphrasing and Summarizing ExercisesThis resource was written by Tony Cimasko.Last edited by Allen Brizee on November 5, 2008 .SummaryThis resource contains the answers for the ESL exercises on paraphrasing and summarizing. Paraphrasing and SummarizingThe popularity of Wikipedia makes it important that users learn to use the online collaborative encyclopedia as a starting point for their research rather than as the final word, says a Purdue University communications expert. Students are addicted to Wikipedia, and teachers fight it with stern grading policies and restrictions on its use, says Sorin A. Matei, an assistant professor in the Department of Communication. But Wikipedia is here to stay and, despite penalties, people are likely to continue using it.Version 1 The popularity of Wikipedia makes it important that users learn to use the online collaborative encyclopedia as a starting point for their resear ch. Students are addicted to Wikipedia, and teachers fight it with stern grading policies and restrictions on its use, says Sorin A. Matei, an assistant professor in the Department of Communication.This version would be considered blatant plagiarism. The text is excerpted almost word for word without using quotation marks appropriately, without giving credit to the original author. Some words have been cut out, but the original authors language is still quite obvious.Version 2 The popularity of Wikipedia makes it important that users learn to use the online collaborative encyclopedia as a starting point for their research. Students are addicted to Wikipedia, and teachers fight it with stern grading policies and restrictions on its use, says Sorin A. Matei, an assistant professor in the Department of Communication (Morris).Credit is given to the original author (Morris), but quotation marks are still not used, and the language still closely resembles the original writing.Version 3 Wi kipedia is popular, which makes it vital that users learn to use the online collaborative encyclopedia as a beginning point for their research. Students are addicted to Wikipedia, says Sorin A. Matei, an assistant professor in the Department of Communication, and teachers fight it with stern grading policies and restrictions on its use (Morris).The original author is given credit, and technically the passage is correct, but the writer suggests that Morris main point is teachers reactions. In fact, Morris is emphasizing the importance of Wikipedia, and talks about teachers reactions as a secondary point.Version 4 Wikipedia is popular, which makes it necessary to learn using the online collaborative encyclopedia as a beginning point for their research. Students are addicted to Wikipedia, says Sorin A. Matei, an assistant professor in the Department of Communication, and teachers fight it with stern grading policies and restrictions on its use (Morris).The quotation is essentially accu rate, quotation marks are used, and Morris is given credit. The bigger problem is that the writer made no attempt to use his or her own language, to integrate the quotation into their ownwords. The smaller problem is the lack of ellipses (. . .) to indicate where the writer took out part of the quotation.Version 5 Sorin A. Matei of Purdue University says that because students are addicted to Wikipedia and will continue to rely on it, it is important for teachers to help them to use Wikipedia as a place to begin research, rather than as a final source. Matei also says that penalties are unlikely to be effective (Morris).Version 5 is correct. Here the student combined her own paraphrasing with a quotation of striking language of the original text. She made certain her words and those taken directly from the source fit together she quoted accurately and cited her source. Some of the information is consolidated, and the specific kinds of penalties given by teachersa minor detailare left out.Paraphrasing & Summarizing ExerciseThis is the last part of Wallaces procure & Plagiarism tutorial.Pl relieve read the following passages to garner an understanding in the art of paraphrasing. More practice is available via Web links on the Student go past to Copyright .Original passageNobody called him Abeat least not to his facebecause he loathed the nickname. It did not befit a respected professional whod struggled hard to overcome the limitations of his frontier background. Frankly Lincoln enjoyed his status as a lawyer and politician, and he desire money, too, and used it to measure his worth. By the 1850s, convey to a combination of talent and sheer hard work, Lincoln was a man of substantial wealth. He had an annual income of around $5,000the equivalent of many times that todayand large financial and real-estate investments. Oates, Stephen B. Our Fiery Trial Abraham Lincoln, John Brown, and the Civil War Era. Amherst, MA University of Massachusetts Press, 1979. p. 65 Incorrect paraphraseNo one used Lincolns nickname, Abe, because he detested it. It didnt gowith a lawyer and politician who had worked to get away from the restrictions of his country heritage. Lincoln liked his new position, and his wealth, and used it to gauge his status. By mid-century, his skill and labor had made him a fairly wealthy man. He had a yearly income of approximately $5,000 equal to several times that now and hefty business and land commitments. ** This is incorrect because it uses the same basic structure as the original with some word changes and does not credit the author. Correct paraphraseBy the middle of the century, Lincoln enjoyed life as a hearty-respected lawyer and politician, having acquired a position of status and wealth that was well removed from his early frontier background. He now was bringing in $5,000 a year (this translates to $87,500 in 1997 dollars Derks, 2), and had substantial financial and real estate investments. As a consequence, he di sliked being called Abe because of its association with his rural heritage. (Oates, 65) ** This is correct because it portrays the ideas of Oates passage and gives Oates credit for his ideas. The writer has used his own words to present those ideas and has used quotation marks for those phrases that are from Oates. The writer has also included additional research on the value of the income and has sited the source for that as well.Correct summarizationWhen we think of Abraham Lincoln, the image of a wealthy lawyer is not the first that comes to mind. A man, who worked hard, struggled and came from a less than ideal background is often the picture we invoke. However, it is an partial portrait. Mr. Lincoln was successful both professionally and financially even by todays standards. (Oates, 65) ** This is also correct. It summarizes Oates ideas completely in the writers own words, but gives Oates credit for the ideas.Chapter ObjectivesTo understand and applying critical reading strate gies.To develop the understanding of summary in various rhetorical modes such as narrative fiction, personalized essay, and technical writing (figures and tables). To define and instruct students on the three skills ofincorporating research into their writing summary, paraphrase, and quotation. To review models and apply concepts of summary, paraphrase, and quotation through practical applications and exercises. To understand the concept of plagiarism and learn techniques to avoid it through various examples and exercises. Although the papers you write will be your ownyour own voice, your own purpose, your own thesis statement, introduction, conclusion, and motif/transition sentencesthere will be times when you will want to integrate source material to help you support your assertions. Integrating sources such as information from books, newspapers, magazines, interviews or websites, is done in one of three ways summary, paraphrase, and quotation. The purpose of this chapter is to teach you these three basic concepts of writing, so you can incorporate research into your writing without plagiarizing. These skills are addressed first because you will need them in all college writing you produce no matter what the course subject. In fact, this process will begin with synthesis and analysis essays which appear later in this book.What is a Summary?A summary is a brief restatement, in your own words, of the content of a passage. You should focus on the central idea of the passage, and, in a condensed form, relay the passages main points reflecting the order in which they occur. In most situations a summary is approximately one quarter the length of the original passage. A summary will not include minor details, repeated points, or any of your own opinions and conclusions. You will use summary when you want to present the main points of a lengthy passage in order to develop or support the discussion of your essay. How to Write SummariesRead the passage carefully.In order to summarize information, you must first be able to understand it. This requires careful critical reading. Read the passage completely the first time to gain an overall understanding of the piece, as you re-read the piece, begin making margin notes that identify important points, shifts in thoughts, and questions you may have. You will also want to consider at this point what the significance of the whole piece is, what the parts of the essay that fit into the whole are, and how the points are organized tosupport the whole. Finally, you will want to divide the passage into stages of thought, which you will later develop into the body paragraphs of your rough draft. A section or stage of thought in a passage is usually several paragraphs in length. You can identify these more easily by looking for transitional sentences at the beginning or end of paragraphs thatsummarize what has come before or set the stage for what is to follow. Write one-sentence summaries of each stage of thought.Once you have determine the stages of thought in the passage, create a one-sentence summary for each stage of thought. This sentence must be in your own words, and it must illustrate your understanding of the passage. This is often the most difficult part of summary writing because you may be tempted to use the writers words or structure, which would be plagiarism. It is always a good idea to put the original passage aside at this point and summarize what you have read in the section using your own understanding and thinking skills. Write a thesis a one- or two-sentence summary of the entire passage. Now look over all the sentences you have created for your stages of thought. Once again, you will work to condense information as you summarize the essence of the passage in one or two sentences, thereby creating your thesis statement for your rough draft. Another hint is to remember that the thesis will be the first sentence of the summary draft, and it includes the passages s ubject and the claim that the author is making about that subject. Write the first draft of your summary.At this point you are ready to draft your summary essay. Depending on whether you have been depute to write a short summary or a longer summary, you can structure your summary in one of two ways combine the thesis with your list of one-sentence summaries (short summary) or combine the thesis with your list of one-sentence summariesplus significant details from the passage (longer summary). Check your summary against the original passage.After completing your draft, you will want to make sure the content of your information has completely and accurately summarized the passage without plagiarizing or adding any of your own personal opinion. Now, return to the original text and compare your draft against it. Revise your summary.In revising your summary, combine sentences and insert transitions where necessary to make your summary clear and coherent. Edit for grammatical correctness . Compare the length of the summary to the original.Summaries, as general rule, should be no longer than one-fourth of the original passage, although they could be much shorter, depending on your purpose in summarizing the original.What is a narrative?A narrative is a story, a retelling of a persons experiences. It can be imaginary, in which the narrator is a created character (fiction), or it can be biographical (non-fiction), in which the narrator is actually the author. Note non-fiction narratives are referred to as essays, or personal essays. Summarizing a narrative will be about different from summarizing an expository essay because it will most likely not have a direct thesis statement, and its stages of thought will be developed through descriptive events or time periods rather than through factual evidence or logical explanations of the subject. In summarizing a narrative, you will give a synopsis or overview of the storys events and relate how these events affect the cent ral character. However, the steps of reading/rereading, dividing stages of thought, writing one-sentence summaries, writing a thesis, drafting, and revising will be primarily the same.Summarizing Figures and TablesFigures and tables are in essence summaries themselves they present a pictorial overview of material and are often used because they communicate information more understandably and quickly. Below are different types of graphic devices Pie Charts show relative proportions or percentages.Graphs relate one variable to another. They are effective in showing trends or cause-and-effect relationships. Tables present numerical data in rows and columns for quick reference and are most effective when the writer wants to emphasize numbers, particularly when a great deal of data is being displayed.What is a Paraphrase?A paraphrase is very similar to a summary in that you use your own words to communicate to your reader what the original passage has stated however, an important differe nce between the two is that the paraphrase is approximately the same length as the original rather that one quarter of its length, as a summary is. In a paraphrase, instead of only restating the writers main points, you will follow the onward motion of the writers ideas sentence by sentence. In other words, each sentence in the paraphrase corresponds to a sentence in the original, the main difference being, of course, you have replaced the language of the original with your own language. Paraphrasing is used most effectively when you want to present material written in language that is abstract, archaic, or super technical, and you feel your audience will better understand the material in your words.What is a Quotation?A quotation records the exact language in a source. You should use quotations sparingly, because every quotation contains the voice of the writer who composed the text. Using too many quotes obliterates your voice and is a clear indication that you have not successf ully synthesized your source material with your own writing. It is often a red flag to your audience that either you may not have completely understood the source or you have not taken the time paraphrase the information for them. Used wisely, however, quotes can add credibility and interest to your paper.When to quoteUse quotations when another writers language is particularly memorable and will add liveliness to your paper. Use quotations when another writers language is so clear and economical that to make the same point in your own words would, by comparison, be ineffective. Use quotation when you want the solid spirit of a source to lend authority and credibility to your own writing. Incorporating quotations into your sentencesQuotations should never stand by themselves without an attribution. Work the material into your sentence as naturally as possible, using appositives to identify the speakers or authors of the quote. Always credit your sources with an attribution in the text or in a formal citation, depending on the level of formality of your assignment. Use ellipses (three spaced periods)to indicate that material has been omitted from the quote. If you are deleting the end of a quoted sentence, or if you are deleting entire sentences of paragraphs before continuing a quotation, add a period before the ellipsis. Use brackets whenever you need to add or substitute words in order to clarify meaning for your audience.What is Plagiarism?Plagiarism is generally defined as the attempt to pass off the work of another as ones own. At any time in your writing if you are using the thoughts or words of another source, you must document where you read or found the information by giving credit to its author this is done by using parenthetical citation and a works cited page which will be discussed in further detail in chapter seven. With the ease of the Internet for research and the ability to cut and paste information from websites, plagiarism can become quit e tempting, especially if procrastination haunts your life and you find that your oral paper is due the next morning. However, most plagiarism is unintentional. Poor note taking skills and synthesizing of source material can lead you to overlook placing parenthetical citations where they are necessary. Unfortunately, most professors treat unintentional plagiarism the same as intentional plagiarism because the student is ultimately responsible for his/her own work.Avoiding PlagiarismYou can avoid plagiarism by being aware of the follow rules of thumb and by practicing using sources appropriately. Remember summaries, paraphrases, and quotes all receive documentation because all are the thoughts or words of another person. Remember when writing summaries and paraphrases you must communicate the source information into your own words (your own language and sentence structure). Always check your summary or paraphrase against the original after writing it. If you find four words in a rowi dentical between the two, then you know you have not properly summarized/paraphrased the information, and you would be guilty of plagiarism.

Benefits and Costs of Economic Growth

Economic growth is defined as the carry on increase in real GDP or GNP per capita over time. Economic growth is loveable for an economy as it increases its real national income and standards of living for its people in general. Although it is desirable, frugal growth does come its benefits and be. One benefit would be increased levels of consumption. Provided economic growth outstrips population growth, it will lead to higher(prenominal) real income per head. This can lead to higher levels of consumption of goods and services.With economic growth there will be improvement in business expectations, confidential information to increase in investment. Firms replace worn-out/ obsolete ceiling or invest in new capital. There will also be expansion of demand, leading to increased output. Existing idle capacity and unemployed labour are utilised. This result in to a greater extent people being employed, thus increasing the level of consumption within the country. If human welfare is cerebrate to the level of consumption, then growth provides an obvious gain to confederation. Next, it can help to avoid other macroeconomic problems.People aspire to higher living standards. Without a growth in productive potential, peoples demands for rising incomes are likely to lead to higher inflation, balance of even offments crises(as more imports are purchased), etc. process in productive potential helps to meet these aspirations and avoid macroeconomic crises. Moreover, economic growth makes it easier to redistribute incomes to the poor. If incomes rise, the regime can redistribute incomes from the rich to the poor without the rich losing. For example, as peoples incomes rise, they automatically pay more taxes.These extra revenues for the government can be spent on programmes to alleviate poverty. Without a inveterate rise in national income, the scope for helping the poor is much more limited. Society may also feel that it can afford to care more for the environmen t. As people grow richer, they may become less preoccupied with their own private consumption and more concerned to live in a clean environment. Economic growth, though resulting in many economic and social benefits to the people in the country, is not without its costs.Firstly it could result in reduced current consumption. To achieve faster growth, firms will plausibly need to invest more. This will require financing. The finance can come from higher saving, higher bear profits or higher taxes. Either way, there must be a cut in consumption. In the short run, therefore, higher growth leads to less consumption, not more. Next, growth involves changes in production twain in terms of the goods produced and in terms of the techniques used and the skills required, the more speedy the rate of growth, the more rapid the rate of change.People may find that their skills are no longer relevant. Their jobs may be replaced by machines. People may thus find themselves unemployed, or forced to take low-paid, unskilled work. A richer society may be more concerned for the environment, but it is also likely to do more reproach to it. The higher the level of consumption, the higher is likely to be the level of pollution and waste. What is more, many of the environmental costs are likely to be underestimated due to lack of scientific knowledge. Acid rain and the depletion of the ozone layer meet been 2 examples.Lastly, it could deplete our non-renewable resources. If growth involves using a greater amount of resources, rather than using the similar amount of resources more efficiently, certain non-renewable resources will run out more rapidly. Unless viable alternatives can be found for various minerals and fossil fuels, present growth may lead to shortages for future generations. In conclusion, economic growth can have both benefits and costs depending on certain factors. Moreover it is desirable as long as the benefits outweigh the costs.

Greek Art

Ancient Grecian craft rare, Classical, and Hellenistic By Catherine M dodgeen CLA3114 sect. 02D3 Spring 2013 cunning is the expression or application of piece germinal skill and imagination, usually through visual forms. prowess in antediluvian patriarch Greece went through a signifier of changes throughout its history, especially from the Archaic to the Hellenistic utmosts. These changes are mainly due to the different views in Hellenic society that developed throughout these periods.The art of the Archaic, Classical, and Hellenistic earned run averages in ancient Greece are examples of how the philosophical views of the ancient Greeks changed and developed from 600-31 BCE and are free influencing views on art today. The art of ancient Greece during the Archaic era (600-480 BCE) make a shift from the early geometric forms of patterns and shapes to a more realistic form with large human inscribes being the focus. Many of the sculptures of this era seem to reflect an Egyp tian influence from the East. The Archaic style of sculpture was lopsided and blocky like that of the Egyptians sculptures.The two well-nigh prominent types of sculptures of this time were the male kouros, or stand youth, and the female kore, or standing draped maiden1. These large limestone statues were usually make as dedications to the gods or as grave markers. They could be fix at funeral monuments outside of the city walls. Among the earliest examples of the type, the kouros in the metropolitan Museum reveals Egyptian influence in some(prenominal) its pose and proportions2. The statues of the Archaic period were not always made to get specific individuals.Instead, they exemplified the ancient Greeks new view of beauty and perfection. They were always statues of recent men and women that ranged in succession between adolescence and maturity. The male statues were usually not clothed and the female statues were clothed. This was most likely because the Greeks did not res pect of female nudity in public. Another art form that emerged in the Archaic era was that of scarlet figure pottery. It was invented in Athens around 530 BCE3. This style of pottery was characterized by red figures on a black background, where the figures were created in the original red of the clay.This allowed for more details to be seen in the pottery than with the earlier black figure proficiency because lines could be drawn onto the figures kind of than being scraped out. The firing process of both red and black figure pottery was the same. It consisted of three stages. The first stage was called the oxidizing stage where air was allowed into the furnace. This resulted in the whole vase play the color of the clay. In the second stage, green wood was introduced into the chamber and the oxygen depict was reduced. This caused the object to turn black in the smoky surroundings.In the third stage, air was reintroduced into the furnace which resulted in certain portions turning back to red while the glossed areas remained black. The red figure technique gradually replaced the black figure technique as innovators recognized the possibilities that came with drawing forms4. Again, the images mannered more realistic than previous art forms because of the more natural look of anatomy and garments. Painted vases were often made into different shapes for specific uses. A vase used for storing and transporting wine and solid food was called an amphora.A vase used for drawing water supply was called a hydria, and one used for drinking wine or water was called a kantharos or kylix4. The subject matter of red figure vases varied greatly from portraits of the gods and heroes, to depictions of any day Athenian life5. This, in turn, led to result in an archaeological record of historical, social, and mythological nurture of ancient Greece. The pictorial decorations provide insights into many aspects of Greek life and complement some of the literary texts and inscrip tions from the Archaic and, especially, Classical eras6.The Classical era (480-323 BCE) showed more advancements in the art of sculpture. The main subjects of Classical sculpture were young and athletic men with a heavy emphasis on the details of the human body. Unlike the stiff and upright sculptures of the Archaic style, Classical sculptures were more naturalistic and oriented in positions that suggested gesture. The fluidity of the sculptures reflected the freedom of reason and expression that was associated with an introduction of democracy7. The aim of the Classical style was perfection.This resulted in many of the faces of the statues looking the same which made it difficult to identify who the statue depicted at times. However, the subjects of the sculptures in the Classical era were specific people or gods, rather than just a generic young man or woman like in the Archaic era. The sculpture style of the Classical period started using marble and bronze to make the statues. Bronze, determine for its strength and beauty, became the preferred medium for freestanding sculptures. However, many of the original statues seem to have disappeared in history.This is most likely because they were found to be of great value. These known statues are known of through ancient publications and Roman copies later made. Greek artists of the Classical era attained a manner of representation that conveys a vitality of life as well as a sense of permanence, clarity, and harmony8. Polykleitos of Argos was particularly famous for formulating a system of proportions that achieved this artistic effect and allowed others to reproduce it. The Classical period also saw the start of sculpturers decorous well known for their working.One sculptor named Phidias created a statue of the goddess Athena made of ivory and gold which was housed inside the Parthenon in Athens. It was later stolen and no longish exists today. He is also well known for overseeing the design and buildin g of the famous Parthenon which is an artwork in itself. Another sculpture that Phidias is famous for is the Statue of Zeus in the Temple of Zeus found in Olympia. It, too, was made of ivory and gold and was eventually lost just like the statue of Athena. Another sculptor named Praxiteles was an Athenian who became famous for creating the nude Aphrodite of Knidos.This statue was one of the first statues showing a woman nude rather than draped in cloth. Its slender proportions and distinctive contrapposto stance became hallmarks of fourth century B. C. Greek sculpture8. The Hellenistic era (323-31 BCE) followed the conquests of Alexander the Great, and Greek culture started to spread more east to as far as India. During this period, Greek sculpture became even more naturalistic than in the Classical era. Young men and women were no longer the only subjects of sculpture. Instead, common people, children, elderly, and animals were subjects. there were even representations of unorthodox subjects, such as grotesques9. Sculptors no longer felt compel to depict people as having ideal beauty or being perfect. Instead, heavy emotion and movement were the focus. Pain and fear were shown on the faces of figures and battle scenes were even carved into relief sculptures for temples. Sculpture eventually became slenderly of an industry during this era which resulted in some lowering of quality10. Because of this, many statues from the Hellenistic period are still around today unlike those of the Classical period.The Hellenistic period saw the decline of the pic of vases. reddish figure painting died out and was replaced by what is known as West Slope ware. This style consisted of painting in a tan colored slip and white paint on a blast black slip background with some simpler detailing. The most common vases are black and uniform with a shiny appearance like that of varnish and decorated with simple motifs of flowers. The Hellenistic period is also the period when vases in relief appeared. Relief is a mode of sculpture where raised forms and figures projecting detail or ornament are distinguished from a surrounding plane surface.Many times wreaths in relief were utilise to the body of vases. There were also more complex reliefs based on animals or mythological creatures. There also appeared to be a shift in the tradition of painting. wileists started to seek a greater modification of tints than in the past. However, these newer colors were more delicate and did not support heat. The painting occurred therefore after firing, in contrast to the traditional practice. The fragility of the pigments prevented frequent use of these vases. This resulted in them being reserved for use in funerals.The conventional end of the Hellenistic period is 31 BCE, the date of the battle of Actium. Octavian, who later became the emperor Augustus, discomfited Marc Antonys fleet and, consequently, ended Ptolemaic rule9. The Ptolemies were the last Hellenistic dynasty to fall to Rome. Interest in Greek art and culture remained strong during the Roman Imperial period, and especially so during the reigns of the emperors Augustus and Hadrian. For centuries, Roman artists continued to make works of art in the Hellenistic tradition. Bibliography 1. Boardman, John.Greek Sculpture, The Archaic Period. London Thames and Hudson Ltd, 1978. 2. division of Greek and Roman Art. Greek Art in the Archaic Period. In Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History. revolutionary York The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2000. http//www. metmuseum. org/toah/hd/argk/hd_argk. htm (February 2013) 3. Boardman, John. The History of Greek Vases. Thames & Hudson, 2006. 4. Department of Greek and Roman Art. Athenian Vase Painting Black- and Red-Figure Techniques. In Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History. immature York The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2000. http//www. etmuseum. org/toah/hd/vase/hd_vase. htm (February 2013) 5. Carpenter, Thomas H. Art and Myth in Ancient Greece. Thames & Hudso n, 1991. 6. Norris, Michael. Greek Art from Prehistoric to Classical A Resource for Educators. New York Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2000. 7. Pollitt, Jerome J. Art and Experience in Classical Greece. Cambridge Cambridge University Press, 1972. 8. Hemingway, Colette, and Sean Hemingway. The Art of Classical Greece (ca. 480323 B. C. ). In Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History. New York The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2000. http//www. metmuseum. rg/toah/hd/tacg/hd_tacg. htm (February 2013) 9. Hemingway, Colette, and Sean Hemingway. Art of the Hellenistic Age and the Hellenistic Tradition. In Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History. New York The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2000. http//www. metmuseum. org/toah/hd/haht/hd_haht. htm (February 2013) 10. Hemingway, Colette, and Sean Hemingway. Ancient Greek Colonization and Trade and their Influence on Greek Art. In Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History. New York The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2000. http//www. metmuseum. org/toah/hd/angk/hd_angk. htm (Fe bruary 2013)

Public Private Partnership in the Philippines Essay

MethodologyThe researcher apply the historical research method that provided information on the value of Public-Private fusion in Philippine stem Construction. The data provides an overview on how valuable, whether it be for the benefit or detriment of the country, PPP invents argon in the socio-economic paradigm. The self-collected data were from relevant books, research papers, organization data, and thru papers released by relevant typeies.What is PublicPrivate Partnership?Publicprivate partnership (PPP) describes a disposal service or private business enter which is funded and operated by a partnership of government and one or much private firmament companies. These schemes be sometimes refer exit to as PPP, P3 or P3. 1 1 http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public%E2%80%93private_partnership 1 http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public%E2%80%93private_partnership One of the possible reasons why PPP is the format as to how the Philippine government is conducting most of its graduate (prenominal) budgeted infrastructure gives is clearly stated by Ferreira and Khatami The private sector is playing an increasingly crucial section in the financing and provision of services that were traditionally the domain of the familiar sector. One of the key reasons is that governments argon unable to cope with the ever-increasing demands on their budgets.Most infrastructure expenditures in developing countries have been funded directly from pecuniary budgets but several factors such as macroeconomic instability and growing investment requirements have shown that public financing is volatile and, in many countries, rarely meet crucial infrastructure expenditure requirements in a timely and adequate manner. PPP involves a necessitate between a public sector authority and a private party, in which the private party provides a public service or pop the question and assumes substantial financial, technical and operational risk in the project. In some types of PPP, the cost of victimisation the service is borne exclusively by the employrs of the service and not by the taxpayer.In other types (notably the private finance initiative), capital investment is made by the private sector on the strength of a contract with government to provide agreed services and the cost of providing the service is borne wholly or in part by the government. Government contributions to a PPP may also be in kind (notably the point of existing assets). In projects that are aimed at creating public goods like in the infrastructure sector, the government may provide a capital subsidy in the form of a one-time grant, so as to venture it more attractive to the private investors. In some other cases, the government may support the project by providing revenue subsidies, including tax breaks or by providing guaranteed annual revenues for a fixed period. 22 http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public%E2%80%93private_partnership 2 http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public%E2%80%93private_partnersh ipPPP in the PhilippinesThe Philippines has a long tale of public-private partnership (PPP) initiatives, which serve as a rich basis for future investments. As of now it is a priority of the Benigno Aquino III Administration probably due to its perceived socio economic benefits not only in the usual infrastructure projects like driveways, expressways, bridges, transportation terminals etc., it is also going after sectors like information and communications, healthcare, etc.One of the forefront departments involved in Infrastructure development and PPPs is the Department of Public Works and Highways. As Infrastructures are means for our country to regain and sustain high economic growth, improve the social donjon standards of the people and remove the bottlenecks to international commerce and investment. Public-Private Partnership (PPP) is seen as approach to invest resources for adequate road infrastructure. The Government has fewer resources to invest on Expressways. DPWH will undertake the reforms compulsory to create a more conducive environment for private business and help generate many more bankable projects.3 DPWH PROJECTS FOR carrying out IN 20111. NAIA Expressway (Phase II)2. NLEx-SLEx Link Expressway (Unsolicited Proposal)3. 3 Department of Public Works and Highways, PPP Projects 3 Department of Public Works and Highways, PPP ProjectsDaang Hari SLEx LinkThere were 10 PPPs announced for bidding in 2010, 4 were airport projects. The PPPs included* the Cavite-Laguna Expressway project,* NAIA Expressway II,* LRT 2 East Extension project* Privatization of LRT-1 O&M,* Privatization of MRT-3 O&M,* LRT 1 Cavite Extension project,* Bohol Airport,* Puerto Princesa Airport,* New Legaspi (Daraga) airport, and* Privatization of O&M of Laguindingan airport.But some of these projects were shelved because the government treasured to be prudent about the structure and rules under which these would be bid out to private investors. feasibleness studies also too k a lot of time. 4 4 Why the Initial 10 PPPs were designed to fail by AYA LOWE 4 Why the Initial 10 PPPs were designed to fail by AYA LOWE Rene capital of Chile, a transportation consultant said that opportunity issuees due to delays in the PPPs are mounting. For the LRT-1 Cavite extension alone, he estimated the loss at P80 billion in the last 10 years. Santiago also estimated the losses for 2011 to 2013 to total P25 billion in economic costs. The value of the economic benefit loss of the LRT-2 east extension, which would not be completed until 2016, according to Santiago, is already P5.4 billion, more than half the cost of the project itself, which is P9 billion.According to Santiago, Manila was first among ASEAN countries to set up an urban railway the LRT-1 built in the 1980s. galore(postnominal) of ASEAN countries have now overtaken Manila, he said, however. From now until 2020, expect the Philippines to lag behind other countries in monetary value of railway projects, he s aid. Based on the researched data Public Private partnership for infrastructures benefits are as follows * It could increase and give greater infrastructure solutions due to private companies having more resources for research and development and use of innovative technology. * It will offer faster project completion and reduced delays because it skips most of the government red tape present in normal construction and funding is internal to the private sector so there are no projected delays due to budget release.* Its return of investment (ROI) is greater when contrast to traditional methods, due to innovative design and financing approaches because of the experience of the private sector in marketing. * Risks are weighted from initial conceptual stages to determine the feasibility of a certain project * The operational and project execution risk is transferred totally to the private sector, leaving the public component on a win-win accompaniment * It is a concept where early com pletion of the infrastructure is expected under expected budget, reducing the claims and flip order process due to it being similar to a developers scenario. * It allows government funds to be re-directed to other important socio-economic areas because funding of projects are done by the private sector. * Reduces government budget and budget deficits, because the government is virtually getting an infrastructure for free.* Public Private partnership allows a reduce tax retribution from users similar to the subsidies of the government in LRT, MRT. * Allows the government to direct the expected function of the project in unanimity to their own interests But not everything is good about PPP, listed are some of the determined drawbacks * PPPs have risks involved, and the government will the pay the price to transfer those risks to the private sector, risks like bankruptcy, possible failure of the project during operation.* certain situations can affect the purity of the process due to specialized areas being improved, reducing the number of contractors procurable to perform the requested projects wherein sometimes monopoly of contracts happen. * Profits of the projects can vary depending on the assumed risk, competitive level, complexness and volume of the project being performed * Government representative moldiness be super specialized force play and contracting experts mostly people from concerned agencies like DOT and DPWH have to have these kind highly trained personnel.CONCLUSIONBased on the data gathered the proponent of the study has come to the hobby conclusion, the benefits of Public Private Partnership further outweighs its detriments as some of the drawbacks can be easily averted through proper project planning and control and preparation. For PPP to be successful, the government and the private sectors involved must do it in with careful urgency. The Philippines is a developing country as such progress and infrastructures needed to elevate our status would be beneficial if achieved in the shortest amount of time as possible, but these projects, if without wide-cut considerations, may initially look promising but in the end may cause a lot of problems, and instead of helping become one of those elements that keep slowing the country down.

Colorimeter Essay

picture the absorbance values for 4ppm Methyl orange, qualification sure to zero the machine with the deionised water cuvette after from each one reading is taken.After I heedful out my methyl orange I diluted each with deionised water up to the calibration congeal on the volumetric flask. 4. I then poured each upshot into separate cuvettes. 5. Recording the absorbance values for each always zeroing in between each reading with a cuvette containing deionised water. 6. Get the absorbance value of the unknown solution. 7. Record results in Tables 8. Prepare a standard curve interpret 9.Estimate the concentration of the unknown solution on your graph. Results Part Two Concentration Discussion Using a colorimeter I apply different coloured liquids to prove beer lamberts law. I did this experiment three times each time arranging my results. I believe I proved beer lamberts law and this can be seen by my results which I agree listed. I was also able to find the concentration of a n unknown solution by plotting it on my graph using its absorbance number.

Personal Characteristics of Nick Thomas, Charles Henry, and Chairman Lup In Wisdom Sits in Places

The signifi rearce of place-names is compounded in the personal characteristics of Nick Thompson, Charles Henry, and Chairman Lup. Although their personal characteristics differ importantly in terms of attitudes and approach to public, their behavioral orientation be relatively the same. The subscription to a single fall of norms (the rules attached to the place-names) ensures a relatively predictable pattern of behavior from the three characters.Hence, one can involve that the behavioral orientation of the three characters stemmed non from their intrinsic characteristics but rather to their personal interpretations of reality. Here, reality takes the form of adjunctive reference to the past, the legacy of place-names. There is a need, however, to look into the personal characteristics (behavioral) of the characters to provide faith to the above-mentioned proposition. Charles is a traditionalist, an individual who clings to the general beliefs and rules of ancient customs. His minimal exposure to the vagrancies of modern life did not affect his behavioral orientation towards customs and tradition. In fact, most of his actions indicate a persona that embraces the strike and glorious existence of place-names.In page 10 of the book, Charles said to Mosley What hes doing isnt right. Its not good. He seems to be in a hurry. Why is he in a hurry? Its disrespectful. Our ancestors made this name. They made it just as it is. They made it for a reason. They spoke it first, a long sentence ago Hes repeating the speech of our ancestors. He doesnt know that. Tell him hes repeating the speech of our ancestors. Charles obsession with mental images and speeches of his ancestors created a personal impression of sturdiness in his character.He refuses to get out changes that will affect his beliefs on place-names. Nick Thompson behavioral orientation is connatural to that of Charles Henry. An old man who happy in telling humorous and often embarrassing stories, his exp ression is quite mischievous and intimidating. In the population though, he is known as the true Slim Coyote. Thompsons character can be exposit in four words serious, generous, intelligent, and outspoken. In anthropology, the character of Nick Thompson exemplifies the character of an ideal elder who teaches the junior generation the essence of existence.In page 43 of the book, he said, Start with the names. I will teach you handle before. Come back tomorrow morning White men need paper maps. We have maps on our minds. Due reference again is made to the highly revered place-names. The Western Apaches reverence to place-names are generally rooted from the historical value of the place-names themselves. This historical value is imbued in the personal beliefs of every Apache. It can be said that Nick Thompson, by virtue of his age, has strong personal attachment to this historical value.In fact, his judgment bear more influence to his behavioral orientation than his actual belie f in the place-names themselves. His motto in life is Learn the names (a deep understanding of the place-names). Chairman Lups character is generally similar to that of Thompson. His obsession with stories about place-names is the primary foundation of his behavioral orientation. For the most, an understanding of his character forces one to assume that he is a strict traditionalist. His personal belief about place-names is actually greater than Charles Henry and almost stir to that of Nick Thompson.