Mary Wollstonecraft and Gender Inequality in Our Modern World Essay Example for Free

Mary Wollstonecraft and Gender Inequality in Our Modern World Essay Ridgeway states that â€Å"In the United States as in many other societies, gender relationships are changing and inequalities between men and women are questioned in virtually every sphere – at work, in the home, and in public affairs.† In Mary Wollstonecraft’s â€Å"A Vindication of the Rights of Women,† she argues different issues about women’s role in society, and she called for equality between men and women. However, even now women still demand equal rights with men because gender inequality still exists throughout different countries in the world. Since â€Å"A Vindication of the Rights of Women,† many issues have changed for women in society in various fields such as education, employment, and politics, but some specific problems exist now. In the modern world, there are many gaps between men and women in different positions. Wollstonecraft’s piece still applies to women in the modern world because of social, economic, and political inequality. Wollstonecraft argues that women’s societies are neglected when she wrote hundreds of years ago. This is still true in the present day because in most societies men and women are allocated diverse duties, rights, and privileges. Women and men have different roles in society. Gender inequality is characterized by the social process individuals deal with. According to Wollstonecraft, â€Å"There must be more equality established in society or morality will never gain ground, and this virtuous equality will not rest firmly even when founded on a rock† (198). This means that society plays an important role in determining the position role of the women, and that role depends on religion, traditions, and customs. They are attached to values joined to human well-being and prosperity. Research shows that â€Å"Sex categorization unconsciously primes gender stereotypes. This allows the stereotypes to become cognitively available to affect our behavior and judgments† (Fisk ). Regardless, how much they truly do shape our conduct can vary from inconsequential to huge depending on the particular situation and our own specific goals and interests. For example, in general, men are accepted by society to be particularly more skilled than women in male work -settings such as engineering, sports, and positions of expertise, while women are advantaged in female- work settings such as childcare and communication. In other words, Wollstonecraft acknowledges society expects a different thing from men and women. Also, Wollstonecraft writes about the role of women in the economy is not as clear and concrete as it is for men. Wollstonecraft mentions that â€Å"Business of various kinds they might likewise pursue if they were educated in a more orderly manner, which might save many from common and legal prostitution† (205). In other words, people don’t know what women can accomplish because they have never been allowed to fully participate in the economy because of gender-defined jobs. In most of the world, women spend more hours working than men. In addition, they spend a lot of energy doing housework which is unpaid and along these lines not considered when economists analysts measure the amount of work done by men and women. Indeed, even women who have full-time occupations do the majority of housework in the household. In most countries, women possess an exceptionally small percentage of the basic leadership positions in the upper economic range. Although women work more hours than men, the wage gap between the genders remains generally static between women and men working full time according to the study in the article, â€Å"Women still make only about 80% of what men earn for full-time work† (Ridgeway). Also, corporations should assist in treating both women and men similarly because when women choose to have kids and stay home for maternity leaves they dont make it up the chain of leadership. However, companies should significantly assist in executing approaches that incorporate women again into the workforce in senior positions after having children including more flexible advancement processes and activities as strategic scheduling. Furthermore, Wollstonecraft discusses that women’s politics has been intangible for many years and still exists in the modern world. According to the article, â€Å"Women are less likely to hold managerial or supervisory positions, and when they do, their positions carry less authority† (Ridgeway). Men have had the monopoly on political power for a long time which indicates gender inequality and led to its continuation. Even in democratic societies, gender segregation happens in governmental issues both concerning assumptions about political devotions that fall along gender lines, and dissimilar gender representation inside delegate vote based systems. Truly, this is considered obvious when women couldn’t even vote. Wollstonecraft writes that â€Å"They might also study political, and settle their benevolence on broadest basis, for the reading of history will scarcely be more useful than the perusal of romances† (205). The participation of women in politic al life is one of the most important elements of the democratic process in a country. Therefore, the weakness of democratic mechanisms and forces in society contributes to the marginalization of women’s political participation. Public and private communities should strengthen their capacities to contribute to the development of their female population. It should be noted that traditional societies are more likely to recognize women’s political rights. This is important because women with access to political power might have an opportunity to change her situation thus disrupting the narrative that men are the traditionally powerful ones in society. Obviously, when Wollstonecraft wrote the â€Å"Vindication of the Rights of Women,† she opened the doors for women’s rights. Wollstonecraft piece is still applicable to women in the modern world because of social, economic, and political systems. Although women have equal rights in some fields, some issues of equality regarding society’s rights and duties are still with us today because it depends on society how people think about and respects women. Works Cited Fisk, Susan, â€Å"How Does Gender Inequality Persist?.† Gender.stanford.edu, Monday,2 May. 2011, http://gender.stanford.edu/news/2011/how-does-gender-inequality-persist. Ridgeway, Cecilia. L, â€Å"HOW GENDER INEQUALITY PERSISTS IN THE MODERN WORLD.† Scholarsstrategynetwork.org, June. 2013, http://www.scholarsstrategynetwork.org/brief/how-gender-inequality-persists-modern-world. Jacobus, Lee, editor. A World of Ideas. Bedford /St. Martin’s, 2017. Mary, Wollstonecraft. â€Å"Of the Pernicious Effects Which Arise from the Unnatural Distinctions Established in Society†. Bedford /St. Martin’s, 2017, pp. 198-205. NSCC Grading Rubric for Composition I and II Note: All essays are marked for errors and include comments. This rubric shows the breakdown of your score. Any essay that does not meet the requirements of the assignment may not be graded and may receive a zero. Any essay that contains an abundance of major grammatical errors or numerous repetitive errors that negatively affect the meaning and readability may lose extra points. A. Content Topic Fits assignment, narrowed appropriately, focused, original, shows independent thought, creative Thesis Statement Clear, strong, focused, logical, and insightful Rhetorical Technique Adheres to assigned rhetorical technique or blends rhetorical techniques effectively to enhance the strength of content Support Evidence, details, examples, and explanations are sufficient, thorough, accurate, logical, well-developed, and effectively support claims, ideas, and the topic Critical Thinking Appropriate level of analysis, evaluation, inference, or deduction of issues related to the topic Comments Possible Score Your Score 25 B. Organization Thesis Placement Thesis statement is logically placed for the specific essay Introduction Catches reader’s attention, accurately introduces scope of paper, interesting Conclusion Leaves reader with a sense of completion reemphasizes point and/or motivates reader, the appropriate ending for essay Paragraphs Each paragraph is well developed and relates to the thesis has a strong topic sentence and presents solid supporting information Sequencing Careful development of related ideas in coherent, sequential paragraphs with smooth and logical transitions that create a smooth flow of the essay Comments Possible Score Your Score 25 C. Editing Grammar Essay is free from major errors, such as fragments, comma splices, run-ons, and agreement errors, and minor errors, such as punctuation and capitalization Style Tone is mature, consistent, and suitable, a voice is appropriate for academic writing, and awareness of audience is evident Language Sentences are forceful, clear, and logical, a variety of sentence structures are present, and diction is precise and expressive using college-level vocabulary Presentation Correct MLA style formatting, including MLA style heading, double-spacing, correct margins, and font style and size, with a strong title and indented paragraphs Comments Possible Score Your Score 25 D. Documentation Sources Appropriate amount of research is used from credible and quality sources instead of sources such as encyclopedias, SparkNotes, eNotes, BookRags, Wikipedia, answers.com, or the like; sources support rather than overwhelm the writer’s ideas Borrowed Information Quotations use quotation marks or are put in block format if needed and are written exactly as the author intended, paraphrases and summaries are written well and do not change the meaning of the original, information is integrated smoothly into text and thoroughly discussed, and quantity and quality of information is appropriate In-text Citations Formatted correctly with a signal phrase and a citation that matches the first element of the works cited the entry Works Cited Page Starts a new page, entries are double-spaced and indented correctly, information is incorrect order and complete, and no extra sources are listed that are not cited in the essay Comments Possible Score Your Score 25 Total Score Possible Score Your Score 100

Freedom In The Story Of An Hou Essay -- essays research papers

Freedom in “The Story of an Hour';   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Mrs. Mallard’s overwhelming response of “free, free, free!'; upon hearing of her husband’s death reflects the attitude of many nineteenth century women. During this time, highly restrictive gender roles forbade women to live as they saw fit. In “The Story of an Hour'; Kate Chopin allows her audience to envision the moment that Mrs. Mallard is able to shed the bondage of marriage that was forced upon her. This was Mrs. Mallard’s chance to actually live life on her own terms. Not on the terms prescribed to her by her husband. After this revelation on her behalf, the outcome of the story is both ironic and tragic.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Upon hearing the news of Brently’s death Mrs. Mallard, who is afflicted with a heart condition, reacts with sadness at first, grieving with “wild abandonment'; but shortly afterward seeks solitude to assess what has happened. The location where she seeks isolation is important. She retreats to her bedroom in a comfortable armchair, indicating that this is a place where she feels safe. It is here that Mrs. Mallard seems to have found a way to rectify what she thought wrong in her life. Mrs. Mallard then realizes in a rush of emotion and relief that she is “Free! Body and soul free!'; She views the world with a fresh outlook: one where she will be her own person, answering only to herself. For a brief moment the reader is able to see through to how she is truly feeling, her emotional release apparent when she sat “with her head thrown back upon the cushion of the chair...'; She is overwhelmed with freedom, opening her arms to it, letting it e nvelope both her body and her soul.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  While this realization is occurring, a somewhat strange thing is happening outside. Usually when a character dies, the weather becomes dark, gloomy and foreboding. In this particular story this is not the case. The natural world actually mirrors Mrs. Mallard’s feelings. The “trees were all a quiver with the new spring life'; and “there were patches of blue sky showing here and there through the clouds.'; This shows how she is seeing her life as having a refreshed new appearance. Yes, Mrs. Mallard remembers her husband with kind... ...ed and composed, unaware of the train wreck and of Mrs. Mallard’s transformation that occurred during his absence. A scream is omitted from Josephine while Richards tries to hide Brently from the truth. The truth that her husband is alive and well, and was miles away from the wreck. Richards was too late though. Mrs. Mallard’s heart has stopped, her life has stopped. She had everything and nothing all in the same moment, which ultimately killed her. Her death, “of the joy that kills,'; is how the author describes Mrs. Mallard’s death, and unwittingly her marriage as well.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Mrs. Mallard’s happiness was in fact, the cause of her death. This death, arrived out of shock that her weak heart could not handle. The arrival of her husband who was the cause of her new-found freedom caused her death. Mrs. Mallard’s death could be seen as the ultimate freedom from her unhappy marriage. Though her life ends in an extremely ironic manner, Mrs. Mallard does in fact finally escape the restrictions of her old life, not merely upon the hour before Brently Mallard’s arrival but in the end for eternity.

Intangible Asset or Liability Essay

CSR requires organizations to adopt a broader view of its responsibilities that includes not only stockholders, but many other constituencies as well, including employees, suppliers, customers, the local community, local, state, and federal governments, environmental groups, and other special interest groups. Although CSR is often spoken of as if it were a relatively new concept, it is in fact an idea with a long pedigree. In the 1950s, the chief executive officer of the American retailer Sears said that the â€Å"four parties to any business in the order of their importance† were â€Å"customers, employees, community and stockholders†. Current discussions about CSR evoke old questions about the place of corporations in society, the manner in which corporations are governed, and the ways in which corporate governance arrangements do not compel corporations to respond to claims from society, in addition to claims from shareholders. While CSR is an old idea, its emergence as a significant factor in relation to corporate decision-making is relatively new. The old idea – CSR – has been rising over the past 10 years or so to a prominent place on the corporate agenda. The world is witnessing what appears to be a transformation in popular views about the role of business in society that is on a par with major shifts in attitude, at other points in history, about large issues such as racial discrimination, the environment, and the role of women. By the end of that decade, popular opinion about the role of business in society had evolved to a point which suggested a widespread rejection of Friedman’s â€Å"the business of business is business† dictum. The reason for the shift can be attributed to various factors such as; globalization, loss of trust, society activism, and institutional investor interest in CSR. These trends suggest that there is both a growing perception that corporations must be more accountable to society for their actions, and a growing willingness and capacity within society to impose accountability on corporations. This has profound implications for corporate governance. CSR in India With the retreat of the state in economic activity in India, the imperative for business to take up wider social responsibilities is growing. The situation is complex and India is facing a compounded set of corporate responsibility challenges. At all levels, there is a felt need for companies to graduate to strategic interventions in CSR, which at present in many cases remain ad hoc. There are many companies that may spend for long-term development. A sense of strategic direction is a vital component in an effective approach to corporate responsibility. Yet, for all these signs of progress, CSR in India has yet to realize its full potential. Individual and collaborative initiatives continue to be dominated by self-assertion rather than accountability. There is certainly no lack of CSR programs and projects in India: what is absent, however, are clear metrics for evaluating their actual impact in improving social conditions. Many Indian business houses, private sector and public sector companies have undertaken major initiatives till date and have adopted several modes of practice related to CSR in India. Several innovative measures have also been adopted by companies towards the institutionalization of CSR that includes CSR initiatives by Lupin, Cipla, Ranbaxy, NIIT, TCS, BPCL, and Ion Exchange. To understand the current status of CSR in India, it is important first to map out the landscape and identify the main families of corporate responsibility. For long-established industrial dynasties, such as the Birlas and the Tatas, concepts of nation- building and trusteeship have been alive in their operations long before CSR become a popular cause.

I Hear America Singing By Langston Hughes - 991 Words

Langston Hughes spoke and captivated the general struggles of an African American’s life during the 1900s through his poem, â€Å"I, Too.† Hughes’ points out the injustice of bigotry or one’s beliefs in America, and his overall message is saying that an African American’s hard work is just as noteworthy as any other American. In contrast, Walt Whitman, author of â€Å"I Hear America Singing,† speaks about the employed citizens of America. He gives honor to those who are living their lives and working to make America a better place. Despite the fact that both poems are similar, they also have a vast amount of differences. Whitman’s poem is perplexed, while Hughes’ is straightforward. These authors’ poems focus on different themes and give the readers different perspectives. These poems are inspiring and demonstrate a new vision for society, however, the themes vary as Whitman focuses on a unified nation, and Hughes demonst rates his writing through an individual. To start off, the poem â€Å"I Hear America Singing† by Walt Whitman, has a lot to do with patriotism. I Hear America Singing focuses mainly on Americans employed citizens during the late 1800s. In lines 2-13, Whitman gives examples of all the various jobs that Americans have. He does not mention of any races or skin color throughout his poem, and while the citizens are described, they are singing. Whitman adds the singing aspect to serve as concrete and abstract language. In this poem, he uses the singing to represent a deeperShow MoreRelatedLangston Hughes And I Hear America Singing By Walt Whitman940 Words   |  4 Pagesof the theme they are implying. In the contrast between the poems â€Å"I, too, sing America† by Langston Hughes, and â€Å"I hear America singing† by Walt Whitman it is clear that the two poets have very different point of views regarding American patriotism. Walt Whitman’s views on America’s joy and peace in his poems are very straightforward, while Langston Hughes poem--a response to Whitman’s--wants the reader to acknowledge what America should be like for everyone, including people of color such as himselfRead MoreCompare And Contrast Langston Hughes And I Hear America Singing753 Words   |  4 PagesAmerica Singing Slavery was a time of despair and great pain for many African Americans. Americans today hold a much different view on slavery than all of their ancestors. Slavery is not only suggested but it is illegal completely and very immoral. Back then, blacks and some whites fought to end slavery. The 246 years of black enslavement finally came to an end on December 6, 1865. Many people used art, writing, and music as a way to express themselves during this hard time. Walt Whitman, an AmericanRead MoreThe Difference Between Langston Hughes And I Hear America Singing998 Words   |  4 PagesIn this essay I will be talking about the differences between Walt Whitmans poem â€Å" I Hear America Singing† and Langston Hughes poem â€Å" I, Too, Sing America†. I will also be giving my opinion on whether or not Langston Hughes is responding to Walt Whitmans poem. Langston Hughes was an American poet, social activist, novelist, playwright, and a columnist from Joplin, Missouri. Walt Whi tman was an American poet, essayist, and a journalist from West Hills, New York. This is all just background informationRead MoreComparing Walt Whitmans I Hear America Singing And Langston Hughes1628 Words   |  7 PagesWhitman and Hughes (A detailed comparison of Walt Whitman’s I Hear America Singing and Langston Hughes I Too Sing America) Beginning after the 9/11 terrorist attacks, the United Stated of America has yet to reach a time of unity like in years past. Why this is so is unclear, however it can clearly be seen that in the America today, unity is not a major theme in society. This was not always the case, as in 1880 Walt Whitman published a portion of his work entitled, I Hear America Singing (Hear.). ThroughoutRead MoreSimilarities And Similarities Between Langston Hughes And I Hear America Singing835 Words   |  4 Pagesthis paper I will be talking about the similarities and differences in the two different poems. The two poems were written by two incredible poets and were probably one of the best in their lifetimes. The first poem is written by Walt Whitman and is called â€Å" I Hear America Singing†. The other poem is by Langston Hughes and is called â€Å"I, Too, Sing America† .Many people believe that Langston Hughes wrote his poem â€Å"I, Too, Sing America† in response to Wal t Whitmans poem â€Å" I Hear America Singing†. SomeRead MoreI Too Sing America Analysis852 Words   |  4 PagesSinging America Langston Hughes has cited Walt Whitman as one of his greatest influences he has had, and some believe that Hughes wrote I, Too, Sing America in response to Whitmans I Hear America Singing. Hughes builds on to Whitmans poem by writing his poem along the same lines and basics as Whitmans. Both poems talk about the way people work hard, how they sing America, and the way they are so content and never complain. All the characters work all day and they sing America, meaning theyRead MoreWalt Whitman And Langston Hughes Analysis796 Words   |  4 PagesWalt Whitman and Langston Hughes. Two highly renowed poets. One of Whitmans most known poems, I Hear America Singing, is about living the American life; he explains multiple types of people in his piece of work and how they are all a part of America. Similar to this, Langston Hughes wrote the poem I, Too, Sing America, and in this, he includes African Americans, suggesting that Whitman left some people out. Also saying, that blacks are prou d and just as big of a part of America as anyone elseRead MoreWalt Whitman, Langston Hughes, And Tupac Shakur1088 Words   |  5 PagesWalt Whitman, Langston Hughes, and Tupac Shakur have a major role in English Literature, Even though they live during the different time periods from different backgrounds, and they all have written many poems about the American dream. When it comes to the American dream, people have different points of view on the topic. Many people believe that American dream is about all American citizens having equal rights and opportunities to achieve the success through hard work. On the other hand, many peopleRead MoreI Hear America Singing By Hongston Hughes Analysis1002 Words   |  5 Pagesone of them was Langston Hughes. Hughes was born nearly 100 years after Whitman, but he knew the importance of Whitmans writings. He also impacted many Americans in his time. Therefore, the two, though different, both were crucial in American poetry. When Whitman Wro te I Hear America Singing, many loved it, when Hughes reads it, he also found a passion for this poem. In many ways Hughes built on Whitmans poem, when he wrote I, Too, Sing America. In three main ways did Hughes build on WhitmansRead MoreAn Analytical Comparison of I Hear America Singing and I, Too:708 Words   |  3 PagesAn Analytical Comparison of â€Å"I Hear America Singing† and â€Å"I, Too† Born ten years after the death of Walt Whitman, there was no possible way for Langston Hughes to ever meet or communication with Whitman, but that did not mean Hughes could not establish a connection to him, or at least his work. In 1925, Hughes wrote a poem titled â€Å"I, Too† was inspired by and directed in response to the poem â€Å"I Hear America Singing†, which was composed by Whitman much earlier. Whitman’s poem consisted of a variety

The Controversial Issues of Obesity, Food, and Health

In recent discussions of obesity, food, and health, a controversial issue has been whether what people consider being healthy or obese. People share their personal beliefs or experiences about being healthy and about what others need to do or eat to be healthy. On one hand, some people find ways to blame others about the unhealthy eating habits our society has, while other people think that we are responsible for our eating habits, and that we need to choose the healthiest way to eat. Recently, dietitians, the Congress, nutritionists, and the authors of some of the articles we have read have tried to fight against obesity; the results discovered are that we cannot fight the obesity war by ourselves; we need to include our society, the food literature, put labels with nutritional values on food, and we even need the media to change how we see fast-food. In some of the articles we have encountered, we learn that we should also change the cultural view of the food we eat. Food is not seen as part of nourishment for our bodies anymore and according to society food can be classified either as good or bad depending on what the latest diet and the influence we receive from the experts on the subject opinions. Society talks about food as if the only reason for people to eat is to become obese, and they say that if you eat too much, you are in the risk of being fat. â€Å"Being fat is one of those illnesses that people do not want to have.† Even although some of th e risks of being fatShow MoreRelatedEssay on Public School Health Care558 Words   |  3 Pagesoffers several different types of health care services to students concerning issues that are a problem in 21st century schools. Two of the top concerns in public school health care concern the on topics of reproduction and obesity. With over 50 million students attending public schools, it is important to recognize and understand that school systems have a responsibility to provide health care education and services that will educate and hopefully improve the health of all students. Public schoolsRead MoreThe Effects Of Food Stamps On Obesity1549 Words   |  7 Pageshunger-obesity paradox of the 21st century and also attempts to explain how it has become a prevalent issue. Although there are numerous factors that cause hunger, these articles focus on unforeseen factors that have been contributing to the rising obesity rates, in particular to the low-income populations in the United States. In other words, this conversation discusses the factors that do not initially appear to have an effect on obesity rates, such as racial inequality and federal food assistanceRead MoreThe Nonmarket Environment of McDonald’s830 Words   |  3 Pagesevery food item. Millions of McDonald’s customers can be reached via Facebook and Twitter. The company should use its Facebook pages to apologize for any bad decisions, set the record straight, and even seek advice from its consumers to enhance positive publicity (Selcke, 2012). Issues Obesity is probably the most significant issue facing the McDonald’s Company today. The corporation has been severally blamed for the menace due to its wide range of junk foods. As the world’s largest fast food companyRead MoreComparing Views: Reasons behind the Obesity Problem Essay1676 Words   |  7 PagesI Mrs. Zewe 20 October, 2010 Obesity: To Be or Not To Be? One of the most controversial debates of this generation is on who is the blame for the obesity epidemic. More specifically, who is responsible for obesity: the individual who is obese or the government and fast food corporations? In Radley Balkos essay What You Eat Is Your Business and in David Zinczenkos essay Dont Blame the Eater, the main ideas that are presented both reflect upon obesity and personal responsibility. TheRead MoreThe Consequences Of Fast Food Industry1469 Words   |  6 Pagesinfluence of the fast food industry. Drastically ¬ forcing our generation, to transform our lifestyle in order to fully adapt the social, health and economical state we live in. Our family structures have evolved forcefully, as the demand of easy, efficient, manageable meals are now within a reach of a hand. This sets the foundation of the fast developing industry. Maximizing their profits to the extent of risking the innocent delicate lives, as we ingest the dirty, artificial food, we a re the ones responsibleRead MoreFast Food : An Staple Of American Culture894 Words   |  4 Pages Jessica Seraphin Professor Benham English 2 20 January 2016 Fast Food in School Cafeterias Fast food has become a significant staple of American culture and has increased dramatically over the past three decades. In the most recent years, fast food chain’s growth has skyrocket. An industry that begun as a simple hot dog and burger stand has spread to any location paying customers can be spotted. Having a healthy diet have long term benefits such as weight loss, better sleep patternRead MoreIs Child Obesity Child Abuse?892 Words   |  4 Pages Is Child Obesity Child Abuse? The rate of childhood obesity has become a progressive problem. According to A. Jansen, Mulkens, and E. Jansen (2011), neuroscience professors, â€Å"In the United States, about 17% of all children and adolescents are overweight, where as an additional 16.5% are at the risk of becoming overweight† (p. 501). Child obesity has increased drastically in the last few years. A person is considered obese if they posses an abnormally large amount of body fat. Lawyer Sciarani (2010)Read MoreIn The Introduction, To â€Å"Food As Thought: Resisting The1519 Words   |  7 PagesIn the Introduction, to â€Å"Food as Thought: Resisting the Moralization of Eating†, Mary Maxfield argues that food and the way we consume it isn’t something that should define the obesity epidemic in America. A controversial issue discussed has been whether we should have theories or ideas on which diet works best to increase weight loss or whether we should have any diets to begin with. On one h and, Maxfield argues against the Health Professor Michael Pollan, who proposes an idea to reduce the problemRead MoreObesity Is A Global Problem1150 Words   |  5 PagesObesity is a global problem. The results from population-based studies pooled across countries show an increase in the mean Body Mass Index (BMI) and prevalence of obesity between 1975 and 2014, with a higher increase in women (21.7kg/m2 to 24.2kg/m2 for men and 22.1kg/m2 to 24.4kg/m2 for women). Within the same period, there was also a corresponding increase in life expectancy (59 to 71 years). In the general sense, the increase in BMI and prevalence of obesity should correspond to a decrease inRead MoreHow Do Television Advertisements Affect People s Food Choices And Its Significance1415 Words   |  6 Pagespeople’s food choices and its significance in relation to childhood obesity? Introduction: Childhood obesity is undoubtedly one of the most controversial issues in modern society, and is regarded as one of the most serious health problems. Research has shown overweight and obese children generally grow up to be overweight and/or obese as adults, who are highly likely to be predisposed to health factors such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease and other sorts of illnesses. With fast food, soda, sedentary

Psychology of a Tattoo - 2298 Words

Gaddiel R. Martinez Social Psychology Dr. Farber February 23, 2010 Introduction In this paper, the psychology of Tattoos will be the topic. You will read about the Origin, the process of getting a Tattoo, and the psychological effect on people who get them. You will also read about the people who do not participate in this art and their reaction to those who do. As I did my research I found that getting a Tattoo can be a beautiful experience in your life, while it can also be a label that will mark you forever. They say Beauty is in the eye of the beholder, this specially applies to this case. While some people have pictures of things, moments or people that they wish to never forget, some other people just wear them on†¦show more content†¦Tattoos where so popular then, that a professional tattoo artist was brought on board to try and tattoo all the men on the ship. Samuel OReilly (who was a successful New York tattoo artist and the inventor of the modern rotary tattoo machine) said: A Sailor without a Tattoo Is like a Ship without G rog: Unseaworthy. Most of the tattoos were still done by natives on sailors and slowly the native tribal motives were mixed with the European designs. Things that were part of the southern seas, where they got their tattoos done, like Palm Trees, Exotic Birds, Ships, Anchors, Pin-Ups or Light Houses were mostly done at first. Maritime designs which had a big symbolic meaning for each and every carrier. The designs showed a close connection to the sailor’s homeland, the people who lived there and were also carried as good luck charms. Nowadays those kinds of designs and images fall in the category of Traditional Tattoos. After Captain Cook arrived in the islands in the late 1700s, missionaries were soon to follow. They denounced tattoo as the Devils art, and acted swiftly to abolish tattoos, which was condemned as a symbol of superstition and sorcery. The sophisticated body art form which had developed over thousands of years was nearly destroyed in just a few decades, preserved only in old paintings and photographs. . A lot of sailors learned the abilities of theShow MoreRelated`` On Teenagers And Tattoos `` By Andres Martin Essay1515 Words   |  7 Pagesexample, tattoos. Tattoos are fairly controversial at younger ages, but are growing more and more popular amongst adolescents with the introduction and glorification of such body art by varying media, such as celebrities. Teenagers are exploring the realm of body modifications at ever increasing rate, but contradictory to common opinion, tattoos are a great candidate for an emotional catalyst, source of stability in a time of need, or reminders of time long far gone. â€Å"On Teenagers and Tattoos† is anRead MoreTattoo Taboo : Tattoos And Tattoos1411 Words   |  6 PagesFour: Argument 22 April 2017 Tattoo Taboo Tattoos have been around for centuries, and were once used to identify various tribes, indicate social status, or sometimes they were a rite of passage to adulthood. As time passed to a more modern world, people donning tattoos were assumed to be either convicts, gang members, rock musicians, or rebellions of society and most were deemed of unsavory character. 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Effective Business Communication Skills

Question: Discuss about the Effective Business Communication Skills. Answer: Introduction This assignment is about developing effective business communication skills. Purpose of this assignment is to engage in a reflective practice using different types of diagnostic tools and feedback. These tools are like communication style questionnaires, Johari Window and Assertiveness questionnaires. These tools help me to analyze my own communication styles across different areas like non-verbal, active listening, assertiveness perception and verbal communication. In this assignment, the findings of these tools were provided along with two major communication issues identified that required development. Self-reflection on communication skills In order to analyze my own communication skills, I have used 5 diagnostics tools related with communication. They are such as Johari Window, EQ self assessment check list, Communications Style Questionnaire, Assertiveness Questionnairesand Quinn Management Test. Dragojevic and Giles (2014) stated that Johrai Window test can help me to find out the connection individual and others. After going through Johari Window test, I have analyzed that, I belong to open arena. I always try to gather adequate knowledge about people associate with me or living with me. I provide the Johari window Chart and graph below to demonstrate my communication skills. Figure 1: Chart for my Johari window analysis (Source: Created by author) Figure 2: Johrai window graph (Source: Created by author) I have marked my score on the top line of the graph for solicits Feedback. Then I have drawn vertical line downward. On the left line of the graph below, I have marked my score for willingness to self-disclose/ Gives Feedback. Then I have drawn a line across horizontally from left to right. I have copied my point values from the questionnaires and added up the total points for every column. I am providing my Johari Window score in the table below. Figure 3: My Johari Window Test Score (Source: Created by author) My Johari Window graph is the example of established team member. I achieved this with the help of the process of asking for and by receiving feedback. The unknown area is reduced with the help of self discovery or with the help of mutual enlightenment. I always strive to uncover my unknown areas with the help of self actualization in accordance with Maslows need of Hierarchy. I have also analyzed EQ self assessment check list to analyze my communication style in terms of self awareness, empathy, self-confidence, motivation, self-control and social competency. From this analysis, it has been found that I have scored relatively high in areas such as self-awareness (21), self confidence (21), empathy (21) and self control (25). However, I have scored relatively low in aspects such as social competency (17) and motivation (18). Active listening: I always try to provide my full attention on another person when I listen to him or her. For this reason, I am respected and like by others, even they dont agree with me. Assertiveness: I am clear about my values and goals. I express my views thoughtfully and honestly. In addition, I can effectively persuade others so that they can adopt my point of view without concerning them. Direct and indirect Communication: However, I have analyzed that I have some issues related with showing empathy. While interacting with people coming from another culture, I am not able to show my feeling appropriately due to cultural and language barriers. I have used another to tool named as self assessment assertiveness questionnaire. Amati and Hannawa (2014) stated that that this self assessment assertiveness questionnaire can a help a person to analyze a persons behavior or attitude towards others. From this analysis, I come to understand that I have high level of determination towards my work. I can take tough decisions in accordance to the demand of the condition. However, while taking decisions I prefer to take advice from others. I believe that sometimes others can provide better ideas that can help top get competitive advantage in the market place. I have also conducted another test named as Quinn Management Test. Amati and Hannawa (2014) stated that, this test can help me to understand my competences. This test helps to understand how particular things can be implemented in real life so that it can improve my communication capability. This teat helps me to understand my leadership style and managerial styles that I have adopted. I have come to understand the perceptive and opinions of other people can be highly valued by me. I always try to accomplish collective results by gathering others point of view. From this analysis, two major communication issues have been identified in my interaction process. They are such as cross-cultural communication issues and direct and indirect communication issues. Within the past 12 months, I had gone through two professional interactions. One is a face-to-face interview with a Japanese manager and another one is communicating with subordinates coming from different cultures. They are mentioned below: Cross-cultural communication issues After the one-to-one interview with the Japanese manager, I came to understand that I would face some issues while working in multinational organizations due to language barrier. In multinational organizations, various people come to work from different cultural background and different ethnic group (Ihator, 2015). As I belong to Australia, there is a high chance of facing communication problems while interacting with them. I fire that my body language and gesture of interaction might offend them. For instance, in Australia, organizations believe in lesser power distance compare to Japanese company. Japanese people believe in hierarchy within their organizations. Hence, it can affect my interaction with these people. For instance, in Australia we prefer to acknowledge our subordinates and colleagues by their name. However this gesture can offend people coming from other culture. In addition, they can have different perception about my point of view, which can create confusions. Hence , in order to work and survive in multinational and multicultural organizations, I have to enhance my cross-cultural communication skills. In order to do that, I have to take behavioral training and communication trainings. I have to learn different languages, read different books and newspapers to learn different cultures. Direct and indirect communication issues While working with multicultural teams, I had analyzed that I was facing communicational issues while interacting with my collages, which came from different cultures. In Australia, we believe in using more direct approach, while interacting with others. Amati and Hannawa (2014) stated that in direct approach, the meaning is seemingly obvious. However, people belong to other cultures such as Indian culture and Chinese culture; have the tendency to use more discrete approach to reveal their message or point of view. Using both Western and non-western culture can create confusion in the communication process. For instance, during the team meeting, I asked my team members which option is more efficient; option X or option Y. Some of my colleagues get offended due to this reason. They prefer more indirect approach of speaking. Hence, in order to develop effective communication within the team I have to learn indirect approach of communication. 3. Literature review Cross cultural communication Danziger (2013) stated that cross cultural communication is the study of how people belong to different cultures interact with each other. It has been found that cross cultural communication is imperative for an organization that has diverse workforce. Arnold and Boggs (2015) stated that cross cultural communication has become strategically significant for organizations due to growth of internet, technology and global business. This type of communication is essential in business as it helps to understand how people from different cultural background communicate and perceive word around them. Pekerti and Thomas (2015) mentioned that cross cultural communication deals with various business customs, beliefs and strategies of communication. It has been found that there are some major factors that affect cross cultural communication. They are such as nonverbal differences, high-context vs. low-context cultures and power distance. All these points have been discussed below: Nonverbal differences Neuliep (2014) stated that eye contact and gestures are two major areas of nonverbal communication that are utilized differently across cultures. Companies have to train their employees in appropriate way to handle non-verbal communications, so that it cannot offend other cultures. For example, American workers tend to wave their hands and use fingers to point out something. However, these types of gestures are considered rude in some cultures. For example, in Japan, a person should never use finer to point towards another person, as the gestures are considered rude in this country. Eye contact is also another type of nonverbal communication. Danziger (2013) stated that, in America, eye contact is considered as a positive thing and considered as a reflection of straightforwardness and honesty. However, Brannen et al., (2014) argued that, it is not true is Middle Eastern and Asian cultures. In these countries prolonged eye contact is considered as aggressive and rude in various conditions. Arnold and Boggs (2015) stated that women need to avoid eye contact all together due to lingering eye contact is viewed as the indication of sexual interest. High-context vs. low-context cultures Pekerti and Thomas (2015) mentioned that the concept of low and high context culture is related with how an employee feels, thinks, opines and upbringing can influence how he or she acts within given culture. For instance, Western Europe and North America are generally considered as low context cultures. It means people form these countries tend to take their decisions depending on facts only (Myers et al., 2014). It has been found that these types of people have issues related with trust. On the other hand, in high context cultures, trust is the most significant part of a business deal. Areas like Asia, Africa and Middle East can be considered as high context cultures. According to OSullivan and Carr (2017), companies having high context cultures are generally collectivists in nature. They mainly focus on interpersonal relationships. It has been analyzed that individuals form high end cultures are interested to know the individual with whom they are conducting business. Harzing and Pudelko (2014) mentioned that these types of individuals are more concerned about group performance and success of a team rather than individual performances. Power distance Myers et al. (2014) stated that power distance is how power is distributed within a company. For example, American organizations believe in low power distance. They have more informal hierarchies that can allow better interaction among executives and their subordinates. Asante et al. (2013) stated that, in these organizations managers ask for feedback from employees. It has been found that companies with high power distance are typically very hierarchical in nature. Companies of Asian countries like India and Pakistan believe in high power distance. Baxter and Norwood (2015) mentioned that, in these countries, subordinates expected to have answer of all their queries from their higher authority. While these two types of organizations working collaboratively, the higher management has to take care of the power distance issues. Direct and indirect communication Some of the conflicts in multinational companies are rooted in different communication style. Ihator (2015) stated that analyzing the difference between direct and indirect has been found important to survive in multinational organizations. According to Berwick and Chomsky (2015), people who use direct communication style are not aware of the expectation for communication. They are often not able to realize their style can be viewed as abrasive and even threatening to others. Indirect communication style Harzing and Pudelko (2014) mentioned that indirectness is basic element of human communication. Every person uses indirect communication style in specific conditions. In this communication strategy people has to understand that meaning of others beyond words they use (Bochner, 2013). Indirectness is the element that can vary the most of the time from one culture to another. OSullivan and Carr (2017) mentioned that understanding the differences between indirect and direct communication can enhance the organizational performances as well. These differences are mentioned below: The difference between indirect and indirect communication Neuliep (2014) mentioned that people who use direct communication have the tendency to say what they think. They primarily use their words to convey their messages. Overall purpose of direct communication is getting or providing information. Ihator (2015) mentioned that this type of communication is common in low context cultures such as American culture and Australian culture. People belong these cultures have the tendency to emphasize on individualism, self-reliance and independent. For this reason, they do not have the capability to know the context in which communication takes place. Lane (2016) mentioned that in the direct communication approach speakers are only responsible for appropriate communication. On the other hand, it has been found that indirect communication is commonly found in high-context cultures. In this style of communication, words are not only the medium to represent the point of view. Different no-verbal communication strategies such as tone of voice, body languages, silence and pauses can be used to depict the actual meaning in an indirect communication strategy. Brannen et al. (2014) opined that the overriding aim of indirect communication is to maintain harmony and saving face. It has been found that people who use indirect communication have the tendency to avoid tension, conflict and uncomfortable conditions. In high context culture, people are relatively tended to emphasize on interdependence and social relationships. Hybels (2014) argued that in countries like United States criticism related with indirect communication very common. Most of the American believes that direct communication strategy is logical and related with power. They believe that indirectness is the reflection of subservience and dishonesty (Ihator, 2015). They consider indirect communication is the sign of dishonesty. On the other hand people belong to high context culture perceive indirect direct communication as aggressive and rude. Direct communication can lead to damaged reputation, interpersonal tension, poor performance and other problems. Dragojevic and Giles (2014) mentioned that direct communicators are not able understand how indirect communication system works and they also dont understand what they are missing. In this context, Lane (2016) mentioned that is almost virtually impossible for direct communicators to understand the complexity of indirect communication until they immersed in it. Brannen et al. (2014) stat ed that direct communicators have the often miss the subtitles and nuances. For instance, they are not able to understand how criticism can be expressed. Suggestion for direct and indirect communicators Dragojevic and Giles (2014) had pointed out that mutual respect and flexibility are the key to deal with the differences of communication styles. Hybels (2014) provided some specific suggestions for the direct communicators while communicating with indirect communicators. They are such as: Direct communicators have to avoid using blunt comments while developing an interaction. They have to understand that avoiding direct insult is more important than providing honest feedback. They have to pay attention to non-verbal behaviors. Especially, they need to understand the discrepancy of words and nonverbal behaviors. Direct communicators have to use non-leading and more open ended questions to develop proper interaction with indirect communicators. Direct communicators have to realize that their subtle messages are not perceived in way that they have expected Action plan After analyzing my communicational issues related with cross-cultural communication and direct and indirect communication, I have develop two action plans in order to solve these issues. I have developed a time limit of 6 months in order to solve my communicational issues and developed action plan accordingly. They are discussed in the form of SMART objectives. They are motioned below: Improving my cross cultural communication skills Factors Analysis S- Specific It required to remove the problems associated with cross cultural communication while developing interaction with others. In order to enhance my cross cultural communication, I have attended different language courses. I also need to attain communicational and behavioral trainings. Before communicating with people coming from different background, I have to think before telling anything to them. I have to respect them and continue to learn from my personal experiences. I have to read books, newspapers and journal articles from of different languages in order to gain adequate knowledge about their way of thinking, values and beliefs. M- Measurable Improvement of my communication style can be measured easily with the help of my individual performance and team performance. If I am able to improve my cross cultural communication skills then I will be able to develop effective interaction within my team. It will in term improve my individual performance and as well as organizational performance. A- Achievable This self improvement goal can be achieved if I paid proper attention to it. I need to apply my listening and observation skill so that cross cultural barriers can be decreased. R- Relevant As, I had already face cultural barriers during the face-to-face interview with Japanese manager and while interacting with team members coming from different cultural backgrounds, it can be mentioned that cross-cultural communication is a relevant issue and I need to improve that. T- Timely Within the next six months, I think I would be able to improve my cross-cultural communication skills by attaining communicational and behavioral trainings. For instance, I will take two language courses like Japanese and Spanish for the first four months. Then I will take a short behavioral training for one month. In the last month, I will implement the lesson learned from these trainings in real life situation to measure whether my cross-cultural communication skills are improved or not. My mentor will help me in this case scenario. Action Plan Table Activities Time required I will take two language courses to learn Japanese and Spanish. 4 months I will undertake advanced postgraduate communication course at CQU. 1 month I will implement the lesson learned from these trainings in real life situation to measure whether my cross-cultural communication skills are improved or not. My mentor will help me to make corrections. 1 month Improving my gesture and behavioral skills Factors Analysis S- Specific I have come to understand that dignity and mutual respect and dignity are the two most important things while communicating with others. Hence, I have decided some specific objectives for myself: I have to understand that avoiding direct insult is more important than providing honest feedback. I have to pay attention to non-verbal behaviors. Especially, they need to understand the discrepancy of words and nonverbal behaviors. I have to use non-leading and more open ended questions to develop proper interaction with indirect communicators. I have to realize that their subtle messages are not perceived in way that they have expected M- Measurable If I am able to survive in an multinational organization of Japan or in Asian region, then I will think that my behavioral skills are improved A- Achievable With the help of appropriate observation skills, I will be able to achieve this target. R- Relevant As indirect communication, skill is highly dependent on body gestures and behavior, this goal is highly relevant. T- Timely This goal can be achieved within the next 6 months if I implement my observation skills to improve my body gesture and behavior towards other. For the first 3 months, I will observe other leaders or managers how they behave and make gestures to interact with people from different cultures and take notes. In the next two months, I will read books and journals related with behavioral skills like Dialectical Behavior Therapy Workbook and Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy Skills Workbook. Finally, in the last month, I will try to implement all my gathered knowledge about behavioral skills and body gestures in my work. Hence, I think 6 months is sufficient time for this plan. Action Plan Table Activities Time required I will observe other leaders or managers how they behave and make gestures to interact with people from different cultures and take notes. 3 months I will read books and journals related with behavioral skills like Dialectical Behavior Therapy Workbook and Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy Skills Workbook. 2 months I will try to implement all my gathered knowledge about behavioral skills and body gestures in my work. 1 month Conclusion I have analyzed my communication skills with the help of 5 major diagnostic tools. From these tests, I have analyzed that I have two major communicational issues like direct and indirect communication and cross-cultural communication. I have provided two interaction cases, in which I had to face these issues. I have reviewed all the relevant literatures related with these communication issues. In addition, I have developed an appropriate development plan to improve my communication skills. References Amati, R., Hannawa, A. F. (2014). Relational dialectics theory: Disentangling physician-perceived tensions of end-of-life communication.Health communication,29(10), 962-973. Arnold, E. C., Boggs, K. U. (2015).Interpersonal relationships: Professional communication skills for nurses. Elsevier Health Sciences. Asante, M. K., Miike, Y., Yin, J. (2013).The global intercultural communication reader. Routledge. Baxter, L. A., Norwood, K. M. (2015).Relational dialectics theory. John Wiley Sons, Inc.. Berwick, R. C., Chomsky, N. (2015).Why only us: Language and evolution. MIT press. Bochner, S. (Ed.). (2013).Cultures in contact: Studies in cross-cultural interaction(Vol. 1). Elsevier. Brannen, M. Y., Piekkari, R., Tietze, S. (2014). The multifaceted role of language in international business: Unpacking the forms, functions and features of a critical challenge to MNC theory and performance.Journal of International Business Studies,45(5), 495-507. Danziger, K. (2013).Interpersonal Communication: Pergamon General Psychology Series(Vol. 53). Elsevier. Dragojevic, M., Giles, H. (2014). Language and interpersonal communication: Their intergroup dynamics.Handbook of interpersonal communication, 29-51. Harzing, A. W., Pudelko, M. (2014). Hablas vielleicht un peu la mia language? A comprehensive overview of the role of language differences in headquarterssubsidiary communication.The International Journal of Human Resource Management,25(5), 696-717. Hybels, S. (2014).Communicating effectively. McGraw-Hill Higher Education. Ihator, A. S. (2015). Communication style in the information age.Corporate Communications: An International Journal,6(4), 199-204. Lane, S. D. (2016).Interpersonal communication: Competence and contexts. Routledge. Myers, S. A., Goodboy, A. K., Members. (2014). College student learning, motivation, and satisfaction as a function of effective instructor communication behaviors.Southern Communication Journal,79(1), 14-26. Neuliep, J. W. (2014).Intercultural communication: A contextual approach. Sage Publications. OSullivan, P. B., Carr, C. T. (2017). Masspersonal communication: A model bridging the mass-interpersonal divide.New Media Society, 1461444816686104. Pekerti, A. A., Thomas, D. C. (2015). The role of self-concept in cross-cultural communication.International Journal of Cross Cultural Management,15(2), 167-193.